Crack path simulation for cylindrical contact under fretting conditions

In this work different strategies to estimate crack path for cylindrical contacts under fretting conditions are carried out. The main goal is to propose and to evaluate methodologies not only to estimate the direction of crack initiation but also the subsequent propagation in its earlier stages, where the stress field is multiaxial, non-proportional and decays very fast due to the proximity with the contact interface. Such complex conditions pose a substantial challenge to the modelling of crack path. The numerical simulations are provided by a 2D Finite Element Analysis taking into account interactions between the crack faces. The results show that, under fretting conditions, models based on the critical plane method are not effective to estimate the crack initiation orientation, while models based on a so called “critical direction” applied along a critical distance provide better results. Regarding the subsequent crack propagation orientation, it was possible to see that stress intensity factor based models where one considers an infinitesimal virtual crack emerging from an original preexistent crack are powerful mechanisms of crack orientation estimatio

Influence of a Brane Tension on Phantom and Massive Scalar Field Emission

We elaborate the signature of the extra dimensions and brane tension in the process of phantom and massive scalar emission in the spacetime of (4+n)-dimensional tense brane black hole. Absorption cross section, luminosity of Hawking radiation and cross section in the low-energy approximation were found. We envisage that parameter connected with the existence of a brane imprints its role in the Hawking radiation of the considered fields.Comment: 7 pages, * figures, RevTex, to be published in General Relativity and Gravitatio

Crack path simulation for cylindrical contact under fretting conditions

In this work different strategies to estimate crack path for cylindrical contacts under fretting conditions are carried out. The main goal is to propose and to evaluate methodologies not only to estimate the direction of crack initiation but also the subsequent propagation in its earlier stages, where the stress field is multiaxial, non-proportional and decays very fast due to the proximity with the contact interface. Such complex conditions pose a substantial challenge to the modelling of crack path. The numerical simulations are provided by a 2D Finite Element Analysis taking into account interactions between the crack faces. The results show that, under fretting conditions, models based on the critical plane method are not effective to estimate the crack initiation orientation, while models based on a so called “critical direction” applied along a critical distance provide better results. Regarding the subsequent crack propagation orientation, it was possible to see that stress intensity factor based models where one considers an infinitesimal virtual crack emerging from an original preexistent crack are powerful mechanisms of crack orientation estimation

Níveis de substituição do fosfato bicálcico pelo monobicálcico em dietas para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação Levels of substitution of phosphate dicalcium by monodicalcium in the diets of swine in the growing and finishing phases

Cinqüenta e seis leitões (peso médio inicial de 28,47 kg) foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (níveis de substituição do fosfato bicálcico x sexo), com quatro repetições para machos e três para fêmeas e dois animais/baia, para avaliar os efeitos da substituição do fosfato bicálcico pelo fosfato monobicálcico sobre o desempenho e os parâmetros sangüíneos e ósseos de suínos alimentados nas fases de crescimento (30 a 60 kg de peso) e terminação (60 a 90 kg de peso). As dietas experimentais, à base de milho e farelo de soja e P suplementado com a substituição de 33,33%, 66,67% e 100% do fosfato bicálcico (FBC) pelo monobicálcico (MBC), foram formuladas com base nos valores de fósforo total, ou seja, isofosfóricas (0,56% e 0,42% nas fases de crescimento e terminação, respectivamente). Os níveis de substituição do FBC pelo MBC não influenciaram o desempenho, os pesos absoluto e relativo dos rins e do fígado, o rendimento de carcaça e os parâmetros sangüíneos dos suínos. Entretanto, observou-se diminuição linear nos teores de cinza, de fósforo e de cálcio dos ossos e aumento linear na espessura da camada compacta e na relação camada compacta/periósteo dos ossos com a substituição do FBC pelo MBC. A substituição total e/ou parcial do fosfato bicálcico pelo monobicálcico não influenciou o desempenho dos suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação.<br>Fifty-six pigs (average initial weight of 28.47 kg) were assigned to a randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme 4 x 2 (levels of dicalcium phosphate substitution x sex) with four repplicates for males and three for females, with two animals per experimental unit, to evaluate the effects of replacement levels of phosphate dicalcium by phosphate monodicalcium on the performance, blood and bone parameters of swine fed during the growing (30 to 60 kg) and finishing (60 to 90 kg) phases. Corn and soybean meal based -diets with phosphorus supplemented with replacement levels of 33.33, 66.67 and 100% of phosphate dicalcium (FBC) by monodicalcium (MBC) were formulated based on the values of total phosphorus, i.e., isophosphoric (0.56 and 0.42% in the growth and finishing phases, respectively). The levels of substitution of FBC for MBC did not influence the performance, absolute and relative weight of the kidneys and liver, carcass yield and blood parameters. However, a linear decrease was observed in the ash, phosphorus and calcium contents of the bones and a lineal increase in the thickness of the compact layer and in the layer compact/periosteal relationship of the bones with the substitution of FBC by MBC. It was conclude that during the growth and finishing phases the total and/or partial substitution of phosphate dicalcium by monodicalcium does not influence the performance of the animals