Occurrence Of Cryptosporidium Oocysts And Giardia Cysts In Raw Water From The Atibaia River, Campinas, Brazil

Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis are waterborne parasites that have caused several outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease associated with drinking water. Due to the lack of studies about the occurrence of these protozoa in water in the Southeast of Brazil, an investigation was conducted to verify the presence of cysts and oocysts in superficial raw water of the Atibaia River. The water samples were submitted to membrane filtration (3.0 μm) and clution was processed by (1) scraping and rinsing of membrane (RM method) and (2) acetone-dissolution (ADM method). Microbiologic and chemical parameters were analyzed. Aliquots of the pellets were examined by immunofluorescence (Merifluor, Meridian Diagnostics, Cincinnati, Ohio). All water samples were positive for Cryptosporidium and Giardia, in spite of the high turbidity. Higher recovery rates occurred in samples treated by the RM method than by the ADM technique. The goal for future work is the assessment of viability of cysts and oocysts to determine the public health significance of this finding.432109111Aldom, J.E., Chagla, A.H., Recovery of Cryptosparidium oocysts from water by a membrane filter dissolution method (1995) Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 20, pp. 186-187Coombs, G.H., Biochemical peculiarities and drug targets in Cryptosporidium parvum: Lessons from other coccidian parasites (1999) Parasit. Today, 15, pp. 333-338Dawson, D.J., Maddocks, M., Roberts, J., Vidler, J.S., Evaluation of recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts using membrane filtration (1993) Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 17, pp. 276-279Franco, R.M.B., Cordeiro, N.D.S., Giardiose e criptosporidiose em creches no município de Campinas, SP (1996) Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop., 29, pp. 585-591Fricker, C.R., Crabb, J.H., Water-borne cryptosporidiosis: Detection methods and treatment options (1998) Advanc. Parasit., 40, pp. 241-278Graczyk, T.K., Fayer, R., Cranfield, M.R., Owens, R., Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts recovered from water by the membrane filter dissolution method retain their infectivity (1997) J. Parasit., 83, pp. 111-114Griffiths, J.K., Human cryptosporidiosis: Epidemiology, transmission, clinical disease, treatment, and diagnosis (1998) Advanc. Parasit., 40, pp. 37-85Hayes, E.B., Matte, T.D., O'Bryen, T.R., Large community outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to contamination of a filtered public water supply (1989) New Engl. J. Med., 320, pp. 1372-1376Hoffman, R., Chauret, C., Standridge, J., Peterson, L., Evaluation of four commercial antibodies (1999) J. Amer. Water Works Ass., 91, pp. 69-78Le Chevallier, M.W., Norton, W.D., Giardia and Cryptosporidium in raw and finished drinking water (1995) J. Amer. Water Works Ass., 87, pp. 54-63Meisel, J.L., Perera, D.R., Meligro, C., Rubin, C.E., Overwhelming watery diarrhea associated with a Cryptosporidium in an immunosuppressed patient (1976) Gastroenterology, 70, pp. 1156-1160O'Donoghue, P.J., Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in man and animals (1995) Int. J. Parasit., 25, pp. 139-195Pickering, L.K., Engelkirk, P.G., Giardia lamblia (1988) Pediat. Clin. N. Amer., 35, pp. 565-577Shepherd, K.M., Wyn-Jones, A.P., An evaluation of methods for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts from water (1996) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, pp. 1317-1322Smith, J.L., Cryptosporidium and Giardia as agent of foodborne disease (1993) J. Food Protect., 56, pp. 451-461States, S., Stadterman, K., Amon, L., Protozoa in river water: Sources, occurrence, and treatment (1997) J. Amer. Water Works Ass., 89, pp. 74-8

SHORT COMMUNICATION - Occurrence of Cryptosporidial Oocysts and Giardia Cysts in Bottled Mineral Water Commercialized in the City of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil

The consumption of bottled mineral water has significantly increased in Brazil so that it is in the interest of public health to determine the parasitological and microbiological status of some brands of Brazilian mineral water available in the town of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose, detection of protozoa by direct immunofluorescence technique and microbiological parameters were determined for each specimen after membrane filtration. Giardia   cysts were not present while cryptosporidial oocysts were detected in two samples. The counts of protozoa varied from 0.2 to 0.5 oocysts/l. The detected level of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and heterotrophic bacteria reflected the level of organic enrichment of the water

Occurrence Of Cryptosporidial Oocysts And Giardia Cysts In Bottled Mineral Water Commercialized In The City Of Campinas, State Of São Paulo, Brazil.

The consumption of bottled mineral water has significantly increased in Brazil so that it is in the interest of public health to determine the parasitological and microbiological status of some brands of Brazilian mineral water available in the town of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose, detection of protozoa by direct immunofluorescence technique and microbiological parameters were determined for each specimen after membrane filtration. Giardia cysts were not present while cryptosporidial oocysts were detected in two samples. The counts of protozoa varied from 0.2 to 0.5 oocysts/l. The detected level of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and heterotrophic bacteria reflected the level of organic enrichment of the water.97205-