MINERALOGICAL COMPARISON STUDY OF OLD MORTARS FROM SOUTHERN PORTUGAL CATHEDRALS (EVORA AND ELVAS)

we present the results of the mineralogical characterization of the mortars from Elvas Cathedral and Evora Cathderal that was accomplished by combining different techniques, namely optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction

Detecting cells with low RNA content colonizing artworks non-invasively: RNA-FISH

Various non-invasive RNA-FISH methodologies were tested in this work. They seem to be good alternatives for analyzing the potential biodeteriogenic microorganisms thriving in CH objects.This work was co- financed by FCT Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the project "MICROTECH-ART- Microorganisms Thriving on and Endamaging Cultural Heritage -an Analytical Rapid Tool-" (PTDC/BBB-IMG/0046/2014) and by European Union, European Regional Development Fund ALENTEJO 2020 through the project HIT3CH - HERCULES Interface for Technology Transfer and Teaming in Cultural Heritage (ALT20-03-0246-FEDER-000004). Marina González-Pérez acknowledges FCT for the economic support through the post-doctoral grant SFRH/BPD/100754/2014

"Tools for interpretation and conservation of a shared heritage collection: the viceroys portrait gallery"

Poster de divulgação do Projecto Old Goa Revelations no evento Ciência 2019Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia.Doctoral program HERITAS [PhD] – Heritage Studies [Ref.ª PD/00297/2013] Bolsa de investigação PD/BI/135001/2017 e PD/BD/143084/201

Analytical characterization of ancient mortars from the archaeological roman site of Pisões (Beja, Portugal)

The analytical characterization of mortar samples from the roman archaeological site of Pisões, located in Southern Portugal, were carried out by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetry (TGADTA), optical and electron scanning microscopy (SEM-EDS), potentiometry and combustion analysis. The Pisões archaeological complex includes a villa rustica, characterized by well-preserved mosaics and thermal baths, as well as a mill and a mausoleum. Countryside villae epitomized the Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula for over six centuries (2nd century BCE–4th century CE). Nevertheless, most of the Roman villae identified in Portugal have not yet been systematically explored and studied. This study provides valuable data on the construction materials and techniques used in Roman times in the Iberian Peninsula. The careful selection of raw materials and the use of natural and artificial pozzolanic materials can explain the favourable state of conservation, mechanical strength and long-term durability of these mortars

A Escola Oficina n.º 1: Esboço de análise de uma escola alternativa

Servindo-se de um programa de «Ciências» da terceira classe o autor esboça uma análise da Escola Oficina N.º 1, verdadeiro ex-libris da Educação Nova em Portugal no princípio do nosso século, tendo sobretudo em conta dois aspectos principais: a) As concepções pedagógicas de fundo b) As relações entre a escola e o meio

A situação educativa portuguesa: Raízes do passado e dúvidas do presente

Este artigo tenta compreender e analisar o atraso educativo português contemporâneo, relacionando-o com a história dos dois últimos séculos, e criticando as políticas educativas dos governos portugueses das duas últimas décadas. A conclusão é de que as políticas educativas actuais têm tido resultados interessantes no que diz respeito a expansão do Sistema Educativo, mas como a maioria das políticas de inspiração neo-liberal, têm negligenciado os aspectos da qualidade na educação e da promoção da justiça social através desta. ------- ABSTRACT ------- This paper tries to understand and analyse the present portuguese educational underdevelopment, relate it with the history of the past two centuries, and criticize the educational policies followed by the portuguese governments of the last two decades. The conclusion is that the policies foilowed by the actual portuguese governements have some interesting results concerning the expansion of the educational provisions, but as most of the neo-liberal inspired policies, neglect quality and the promotion of social justice through education, contributing to the definition of a dual education network related to the pupils social origins

Movimento operário português e educação

L'hypothèse qui découle de ce travail, c'est, qu'en 1925, les syndicats portuguais, d'orientation marcho-syndicaliste, étaient en traín de construire une alternative ravolutionaire dans le domiaine de I'éducation,tant par les méthodes, tant par les contenus,vis à vis des structures éducatives mises en place par l'Etat bourgeois

Charcoal or black stone? Reconstructions as a tool to study the behaviour of dry underdrawing materials within the paint structure of sixteenth century panel paintings

Reconstructions were used as a tool to investigate the use of charcoal and black stone as underdrawing materials in sixteenth century panel paintings with white or off-white preparatory layers. Research was based on the examination of a group of sixteenth century panel paintings by the Portuguese Mannerist painter Francisco João (doc. 1558–1595) and his workshop. Analysis of the original underdrawing material in cross-sections, using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques was not always conclusive. Based on materials thought to be employed by Francisco João and on data collected from sixteenth and seventeenth century European technical treatises along with published analytical studies of panel paintings with white or off-white preparatory layers from this period, reconstructions were performed using charcoal (untreated and oiled—as described in contemporary literature) and natural black stone over different preparatory surfaces. Microscopic analyses of cross-sections from reconstructions were made to assist the discussion of the behaviour of the dry underdrawing media within the paint structure. Results revealed that whereas charcoal could be easily removed if drawn directly over gesso, it would remain fixed when drawn over a ground treated with an oil-based intermediate layer, even when the latter was completely dry to the touch. The persistence of a charcoal drawing when applied over oil challenged the widely disseminated assumption that naturally occurring black stone, which makes a permanent mark, had been employed more frequently than charcoal since the latter appeared to be easily disturbed and hence transitory. The very lengthy curing time for a drying oil could be responsible for fixing the friable media. Reconstructions further showed that oiled charcoal is easily prepared and agreeable to use on any type of surface, where it remains without smudging. Finally, research suggests that the painter’s choice of underdrawing material is closely dependent on the nature of the binder of intermediate layers and on the position of the underdrawing layout within the paint structure.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Algumas concepções actuais de Durkheim sobre a educação

Dans cet article nous croyons avoir focalisé et analisé trois des aspects qui nous semblent être les plus interessants et actuels de I’euvre de Durkheim, en ce qui concerne les problèmes éducatifs: Les rapports exifiants entre la société et son système éducatif, ta question de t’éducation morde et quelques aspects relevant de Ia psychdogie, dont l’auteur fait usage

A Escola Oficina n.º 1 de Lisboa 1905-1930: Mudar a escola para mudar o mundo

O objectivo central deste artigo, consiste na análise detalhada, entre os anos de 1905 e 1930 da vida de uma instituição educativa denominada de Escola Oficina n.º 1 . Nascida em 1905 por vontade de um grupo de Maçons, a Escola Oficina n.º 1 cedo resvalou, devido à acção de alguns dos pedagogos mais interessantes do Portugal do princípio do Século, de uma escola profissional de marcenaria, que era o projecto inicial, para uma escola que se reivindicava de um Modelo Educativo Libertário. Nos termos gerais com que a Educação era encarada e praticada pelos pedagogos da Escola Oficina n.º 1, através de uma busca do máximo de liberdade e de autonomia por parte da criança, a par de um grande rigor nos processos de aprendizagem, e na promoção de atitudes enfatizando a justiça social, o respeito e a tolerância pelos outros, o exemplo corporatizado por esta escola há mais de oitenta anos, ainda tem o condão de nos fazer sonhar. ------ ABSTRACT ------ The main purpose of this paper, is the analysis of a school , the Escola Oficina n.º1, from 1905 to 1930. Created in Lisbon in the year of 1905 by a group of masons in order to became a professional school, the Escola Oficina n.º 1, influenced by some of the most interesting Portuguese pedagogues of the beginning of this century, soon became a model of libertarian education. The general terms in which education was assumed and practised by the pedagogues of this school, through their search for the development of individual liberty and autonomy for the child, while at the same time they maintained great rigour with regard to learning processes and in the promotion of attitudes of social justice, including the respect and tolerance for others, shows us how a eighty years old school can still make us dream