Heat And Phosphate Starvation Effects On The Proteome, Morphology And Chemical Composition Of The Biomining Bacteria Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a Gram negative, acidophilic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that plays an important role in metal bioleaching. During bioleaching, the cells are subjected to changes in the growth temperature and nutrients starvation. The aim of this study was to gather information about the response of the A. ferrooxidans Brazilian strain LR to K2HPO4 starvation and heat stress through investigation of cellular morphology, chemical composition and differential proteome. The scanning electron microscopic results showed that under the tested stress conditions, A. ferrooxidans cells became elongated while the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed alterations in the wavenumbers between 850 and 1,275 cm-1, which are related to carbohydrates, phospholipids and phosphoproteins. These findings indicate that the bacterial cell surface is affected by the tested stress conditions. A proteomic analysis, using 2-DE and tandem mass spectrometry, enabled the identification of 44 differentially expressed protein spots, being 30 due to heat stress (40°C) and 14 due to K2HPO4 starvation. The identified proteins belonged to 11 different functional categories, including protein fate, energy metabolism and cellular processes. The upregulated proteins were mainly from protein fate and energy metabolism categories. The obtained results provide evidences that A. ferrooxidans LR responds to heat stress and K2HPO4 starvation by inducing alterations in cellular morphology and chemical composition of the cell surface. Also, the identification of several proteins involved in protein fate suggests that the bacteria cellular homesostasis was affected. 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Vaccination Practice In Children With Rheumatic Disease

Evaluate clinical practice through assessment of vaccination card and recommendation of specific vaccines in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases in use of different drugs and reveal the possible association between vaccination frequency and time of the clinical practice of pediatric rheumatologists in the state of São Paulo. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was sent to pediatric rheumatologists of the Departamento de Reumatologia da Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo. This instrument included questions about practice time on Pediatric Rheumatology, vaccination of patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), and immunization according to the treatments used. Results: Vaccination card was seen by 100% of the professionals at the first visit and by 36% annually. Vaccines of live agents were not recommended for patients with JSLE, JIA, and JDM in 44%, 64%, and 48%, respectively. The professionals were divided into two groups: Group A (≤ 15 years of practice, n = 12) and B (≥ 16 years, n = 13). No statistical difference was observed in the use of live agent vaccine and vaccines with inactivated agents or protein components in the two treatment groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, the groups had similar opinion regarding severity of immunosuppression in patients with JSLE, JIA, and JDM (with or without activity) and treatment used (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The frequency of immunization by pediatric rheumatologists in São Paulo is low, especially after the first visit, and not influenced by time of professional practice.504356361Len, C.A., Terreri, M.T., Hilário, M.O., Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil e infecção (2002) Rev Bras Reumatol, 42 (4), pp. 218-222Facó, M.M., Leone, C., Campos, L.M., Febrônio, M.V., Marques, H.H., Silva, C.A., Risk factors associated with the death of patients hospitalized for juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (2007) Braz J Med Biol Res, 40 (7), pp. 993-1002Facó, M.M., Nukumizu, L.A., Pantoja, A.J., Barros, P.C., Troster, E.J., Silva, C.A., Avaliação dos óbitos e necropsias em pacientes internados em um Serviço de Reumatologia Pediátrica por um período de dez anos (2005) Rev Bras Reumatol, 45 (2), pp. 55-63O'neill, S.G., Isenberg, D.A., Immunizing patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of effectiveness and safety (2006) Lupus, 15 (11), pp. 778-783Gluck, T., Muller-Ladner, U., Vaccination in patients with chronic rheumatic or autoimmune diseases (2008) Clin Infect Dis, 46 (9), pp. 1459-1465Conti, F., Rezai, S., Valesini, G., Vaccination and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (2008) Autoimmunity Reviews, 8 (2), pp. 124-128Maillefert, J.F., Sibilia, J., Toussirot, E., Vignon, E., Eschard, J.P., Lorcerie, B., Rheumatic disorders developed after hepatitis B vaccination (1999) Rheumatology, 38 (10), pp. 978-983. , OxfordSilva, C.A., Terreri, M.T., Barbosa, C.M., Hilário, M.O., Pillegi, G.S., Ferriani, V.P., Consenso de imunização para crianças e adolescentes com doenças reumáticas (2009) Rev Bras Reumatol, 49 (5), pp. 562-589Davies, K., Woo, P., Immunization in rheumatic diseases of childhood: An audit of the clinical practice of British Paediatric Rheumatology Group members and a review of the evidence (2002) Rheumatology (Oxford), 41, pp. 937-941Hochberg, M.C., Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (1997) Arthritis Rheum, 40 (9), p. 1725Petty, R.E., Southwood, T., Manners, P., Baum, J., Glass, D.N., Goldenberg, J., International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Second revision, Edmonton, 2001 (2004) J Rheumatol, 31 (2), pp. 390-392Bohan, A., Peter, J.B., Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (1975) N Engl J Med, 292 (7), p. 344Delbecq, A.L., van de Ven, A.H., Gustafson, D.H., (1975) Group Technique For Program Planning - a Guide to Nominal Group and Delphi Processes, , Glenview, Illinois. Scott, Foresman and CompanyCommittee of Infectious Diseases (2005) Varicella-zoster Infections Circunstances, pp. 672-686. , American Academy of Pediatrics, In: LK P (ed.)r. Red Book. 27 ed. Elk Grove Village, ILCush, J.J., Calabrese, L., Kavanaugh, A., Herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine guidelines for immunosuppressed patients (2008) American College of Rheumatology: Hotline, p. 1Marie, I., Infections in polymyositis and in dermatomyositis (2009) Presse Med, 38 (2), pp. 303-316Snowden, N., (2007) Immunisation of Immunosuppressed Patients With Rheumatic Diseases, , www.arc.org.uk/arthinfo/medpub/6632/6632.asp, citedLuz, K.R., Souza, D.C., Ciconelli, R.M., Vacinação em pacientes imunossuprimidos e com doenças reumatológicas auto-imunes (2007) Rev Bras Reumatol, 47 (2), pp. 106-113(2006) Secretaria De Vigilância Em Saúde, Departamento De Vigilância E Epidemiologia, Programa Nacional De Imunizações, , http://www.cve.saude.sp.gov.br/, Brasil. Ministério da Saúde, Manual dos Centros de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais (Cries), Acesso em 20 de março de 2009Neves, P.S., Facó, M.M., Sallum, A.M.E., Campos, L.M.A., Rossi Jr., A., Silva, C.A., Herpes zoster em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (2007) Rev Bras Reumatol, 47 (2), pp. 135-139Bricks, L.F., Silva, C.A., Uso e abuso de anti-inflamatórios não hormonais: Parte I (2005) Pediatria, 27 (2), pp. 114-125. , São PauloBricks, L.F., Silva, C.A., Toxicidade dos anti-inflamatórios não hormonais (AINH) (2005) Pediatria, 27 (3), pp. 181-193. , São PauloSilva, C.A., Silva, C.H., Robazzi, T.C., Lotito, A.P., Mendroni Jr., A., Jacob, C.M., Macrophage activation syndrome associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2004) J Pediatr, 80 (6), pp. 517-522. , Rio JPileggi, G.C., Souza, C.B.S., Ferriani, V.P.L., Safety and immunogenicity of varicella vaccine in patients with juvenile rheumatic diseases using methotrexate and glucocorticoids (2010) Arthritis Care Res, , Hoboken, in pressMota, L.M., Oliveira, A.C., Lima, R.A., Santos-Neto, L.L., Tauil, P.L., Vaccination against yellow fever among patients on imunossupressors with diagnoses of rheumatic diseases (2009) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 42 (1), pp. 23-2

REACTIONAL STATES IN MULTIBACILLARY HANSEN DISEASE PATIENTS DURING MULTIDRUG THERAPY

It is well known that reactions are commonplace occurrences during the course of leprosy disease. Stigmatization may even be attributable to reactions which are also responsible for the worsening of neural lesions. A cohort of 162 newly-diagnosed baciloscopically positive patients from the Leprosy Care Outpatient Clinic of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) was selected for this study. While 46% of the multibacillary (MB) patients submitted to the 24 fixed-dose multidrug therapy (MDT) regimen suffered reactions during treatment, it was found that all MBs were susceptible and that constant attention and care were required at all times. Fourteen per cent were classified as BB, 52% as BL, and 33% as LL. None of the variables under study, such as, sex, age, clinical form, length of illness, length of dermatological lesions, baciloscopic index (BI), or degree of disability proved to be associate with reaction among the patients studied. Reversal Reaction (RR) occurred in 45%, and Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) occurred in 55%. Among BB patients who developed reactions (15 patients), 93% presented RR; while among the LL patients who developed reactions (34 patients), 91% presented ENL. Likewise, ENL was very frequent among those with disseminate lesions, while RR was most often observed in patients with segmentary lesions. RR was also most likely to occur during the initial months of treatment. It was demonstrated that the recurrence rate of ENL was significantly higher than that of RR. Neither grade of disability nor BI was shown to be associated with RR and ENL reaction. However, the RR rate was significantly higher among patients showing BI < 3, while ENL predominated among those patients with BI > 3.<br>Reações são ocorrências comuns no curso da hanseníase e são responsáveis pelo agravamento das lesões neurais. Uma coorte de 162 pacientes recém-diagnosticados, baciloscopicamente positivos, em acompanhamento no Ambulatório de Hanseníase da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) foi selecionada para estudo. Observou-se que 46% dos pacientes multibacilares submetidos a 24 doses fixas de poliquimioterapia (PQT) apresentaram reações durante o tratamento; todos multibacilares eram suscetíveis e cuidados e atenção constantes eram necessários. Quatorze por cento foram classificados como BB, 52% como BL e 33% como LL. Nenhuma das variáveis em estudo, tais como: sexo, idade, forma clínica, tempo de doença, extensão das lesões dermatológicas, índice baciloscópico (IB), ou grau de incapacidade associaram-se a reação entre os pacientes estudados. Reação Reversa (RR) ocorreu em 45% e Eritema Nodoso Hansênico (ENH) em 55% dos casos. Entre os pacientes BB que desenvolveram reação (15 pacientes), 93% apresentaram RR, enquanto entre os pacientes LL que tiveram reação (34 pacientes), 91% apresentaram ENH. Por outro lado, ENH foi mais frequente entre aqueles com lesões difusas, enquanto RR foi mais frequente em pacientes com lesões localizadas. O RR ocorreu principalmente nos primeiros meses de tratamento. A taxa de recorrência do ENL foi significativamente maior que a do RR. Nenhum grau de incapacidade nem IB esteve associado com RR e ENL. Entretanto a taxa de RR foi significativamente maior entre pacientes mostrando IB < 3, enquanto que o ENH predominou entre os pacientes com IB > 3