NLP2Code: Code Snippet Content Assist via Natural Language Tasks

Developers increasingly take to the Internet for code snippets to integrate into their programs. To save developers the time required to switch from their development environments to a web browser in the quest for a suitable code snippet, we introduce NLP2Code, a content assist for code snippets. Unlike related tools, NLP2Code integrates directly into the source code editor and provides developers with a content assist feature to close the vocabulary gap between developers' needs and code snippet meta data. Our preliminary evaluation of NLP2Code shows that the majority of invocations lead to code snippets rated as helpful by users and that the tool is able to support a wide range of tasks.Comment: tool demo video available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-gaVYtCznI; to appear as a tool demo paper at ICSME 2017 (https://icsme2017.github.io/

Is Consumption Too Smooth?

For thirty years, it has been accepted that consumption is smooth because permanent income is smoother than measured income. This paper considers the evidence for the contrary position, that permanent income is in fact less smooth than measured income, so that the smoothness of consumption cannot be straightforwardly explained by permanent income theory. Quarterly first differences of labor income in the United States are well described by an AR(1) with a positive autoregressive parameter. Innovations to such a process are "more than permanent;" there is no deterministic trend to which the series must eventually return, and good or bad fortune in one period can be expected to be at least partially repeated in the next. Changes to permanent income should therefore be greater than the innovations to measured income, and changes in consumption should be more variable than innovations to measured income. In fact, changes in consumption are much less variable than are income innovations. We consider two possible explanations for this paradox, first, that innovations to labor income are in reality much less persistent than appears from an AR(l), and second, that consumers have more information than do econometricians, so that only a fraction of the estimated innovations are actually unexpected by consumers. The univariate time series results are less than decisive, but the balance of the evidence, whether from fitting ARMA models or from examining the spectral density, is more favorable to the view that innovations are persistent than to the opposite view, that there is slow reversion to trend. The information question is taken up within a bivariate model of income and savings that can accommodate the feedback from saving to income that is predicted by the permanent income theory if consumers have superior information. Nevertheless, our results are the same; changes in consumption are typically smaller than those warranted by the change in permanent income. We show that our finding of "excess smoothness" is consistent with the earlier findings of "excess sensitivity" of consumption to income. Our analysis is conducted within a "logarithmic" version of the permanent income hypothesis, a formulation that recognizes that rates of growth of income and saving ratios have greater claim to stationarity than do changes in income and saving flows.

3. Research on Political Behavior at the Survey Research Center

The SRC has mainly focussed its 1952 and 1956 election studies upon explaining the vote through variables of party identification, issues, and candidate personalities, with some attention to voters' personalities, and somewhat less atten tion to the intervening layers of variables such as the communication process, economic condi tions, and voting laws. The 1958 study deals with relations between candidates and voters in their districts.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66678/2/10.1177_000276425900200303.pd

Political Theory

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67236/2/10.1177_000271626032700117.pd

Development of a divergent synthetic strategy for the asbestinins

Asbestinins are the most complex of the ether bridged 2,11-cyclised cembranoids, isolated from the gorgonian octocoral species Briareum asbestinum. They have a complex rigid tetracyclic framework with nine or more contiguous stereocentres and a highly substituted tetrahydrofuran, for example in 11-acetoxy-4-deoxyasbestinin D and asbestinin 12. The asbestinins have been shown to possess significant biological activities including antimicrobial and anticancer properties. The significant synthetic challenge presented by the asbestinins structures combined with their biological activity make them an interesting target for total synthesis. There have been numerous syntheses of the structurally related cladiellin family but only two previous syntheses of the asbestinins which were reported by Crimmins in 2005 and 2008. Previous work in the Clark group had established methodology for the synthesis of multiple members of the cladiellin family (>10 members synthesised) from a common tricyclic intermediate which could be utilised in the synthesis of the asbestinins. This involved a few key transformations including a tandem oxonium ylide formation, [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to construct the bicyclic core followed by a Stille/Diels–Alder sequence to give a common tricyclic intermediate. In this thesis, the first total syntheses of five members of the 4-deoxyasbestinin family are reported as well as the second total synthesis of 11 acetoxy 4 deoxyasbestinin D. The syntheses were completed utilising the common tricyclic intermediate previously reported during the synthesis of multiple members of the cladiellin family. The reported total syntheses have allowed for confirmation or re-evaluation of the reported revised structures of members of the asbestinin family

Variola minor, a true type of smallpox with special reference to a recent outbreak

For the past few years considerable attention has been directed towards the outbreaks of smallpox in various parts of England and Wales. These have caused groat expense and inconvenience to the communities concerned, The type of disease has been mild, differing in some points from the classical type, and giving rise to a groat, deal of discussion as to whether we are not encountering a different disease.Although in vaccination we have a prophylactic remedy capable of stamping out smallpox, the laxity with which our present vaccination laws are framed has caused largo numbers of our population to be unprotected, forming an apparently inexhaustible reservoir which affords material for epidemics to recur. These epidemics if left alone increase rapidly, may become seasonal, and may even, in some cases, take on an endemic character.As an Assistant Medical Officer of Health for Derby, I have been in touch with one of these outbreaks of smallpox, one which has now lasted some four years and which has every appearance of continuingIn this thesis I propose to describe my experi_ ences / 2. experiences in connection with the outbreak, my observations being based on nearly two thousand cases of the disease. It shall be my endeavour to prove the important fact that we are dealing with true smallpox. Further, as vaccination and smallpox are so closely connected, I also propose to discuss some of the problems arising with regard to the former.1. A recent outbreak in Derby, of Smallpox (variola minor) is described.2. The cases have been shown to be predominantly mild, but there has been a small number of severe cases of the classical type.3. The epidemiological features of the outbreak are described,4. Clinical cases are given illustrating the out_ break. These show that the likeness to the major disease is very marked.5. The differences between "alastrim" `and variola have been discussed. It has been shown that many were non-existant in the outbreak.6. Finally, "alastrim" and variola are one disease. They differ only in severity

Why Is Consumption So Smooth?

For thirty years it has been accepted that consumption is smooth because permanent income is smoother than measured income. (This paper considers the evidence for the contrary position, that permanent income is in fact less smooth than measured income, so that the smoothness of consumption cannot be straightforwardly explained by permanent income theory.) The paper argues that in postwar U.S. quarterly data, consumption is smooth because it responds with a lag to changes in income.Economic

Access, delivery and perceived efficacy of physiotherapy and use of complementary and alternative therapies by people with progressive multiple sclerosis in the United Kingdom: an online survey

Introduction: All people with progressive MS in the United Kingdom should have access to physiotherapy through the National Health Service (NHS). However levels of access and delivery are unknown. Furthermore there is no research on perceived efficacy of physiotherapy or the use of complementary and alternative medicine in people with progressive MS in the United Kingdom. Methods: An online survey was carried out via the UK MS Register. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of progressive MS, a member of UK MS Register and 18 years or older. The survey asked participants regarding access and delivery of physiotherapy; perceived efficacy of physiotherapy and interventions received; barriers to accessing physiotherapy and use of complementary and alternative medicine. The following additional data were supplied from the UK MS Register: demographics, EQ5D, MSIS-29 physical and psychological sub-scales and geographical data. Results: Total number of respondents was 1,298 from an identified 2,538 potential registrants: 87% could access physiotherapy services, 77% received physiotherapy from the NHS and 32% were currently receiving physiotherapy. The most common interventions received were home exercise programme (86%), exercises with a physiotherapist (74%) and advice/education (67%). 40% had recently used complementary and alternative medicine. Perceived efficacy of physiotherapy was high with 70% reporting it to be either ‘beneficial’ or ‘very beneficial’. Main barriers to accessing physiotherapy were mobility, fatigue, continence, transport issues, requiring someone to go with them and pain. Discussion: Access to physiotherapy was high with most people reporting it as beneficial. However 13% reported not having access indicating a gap in accessibility. Considering some of the barriers reported may allow physiotherapy services to address this gap in accessibility

A framework for socio-technical innovation: the case of a human-powered shredder

Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstrac

The mismatch : a model for sustainable medical device design in South Africa

Abstract: The medical device industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the global economy, however, it is dominated by high-income countries (HICs) such as The United States, Germany, Japan and China. Approximately 80% of medical devices in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) are donated or imported (World Health Organisation 2011). Due to a mismatch between the design of these devices and the context in which they are used, approximately 40% are out of service, 70–90% never function as intended, and up to 98% are broken within five years (Prestero 2010; Malkin and von Oldenburg Beer 2013; Chan 2010). To overcome this mismatch, the World Health Organisation identifies local production as a possible way to increase the sustainability of medical devices in LMICs. South Africa’s (SA) medical device development (MDD) industry is underdeveloped and approximately 90-95% of medical devices in SA hospitals are imported or donated (SAMED n.d., Mitchell 2017). Although MDD process models have been defined, none describe the SA MDD regulatory landscape and most describe the MDD process from an engineering or business perspective rather than a design point of view. The lack of appropriate, sustainable medical devices, particularly in LMICs suggests the need for a shift towards a more human-centred, design-orientated medical device industry, which promotes local manufacture. This paper explores a study that aimed to define a design process model for paediatric Medical Device Design (MDDes) in the South African context to better enable local industrial designers to participate in the field. This paper presents key case study findings in comparison to existing MDD process literature and introduces an MDDes process model more suited to arriving at sustainable medical device outcomes in the South African context