186 research outputs found
Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth
This paper concerns a method for estimating the
age of children based on their teeth. The sample consisted
of 455 Italian white children (213 boys, 242 girls) aged
between 5 and 15 years. The purpose of the present investigation
was to present a method for assessing chronological
age based on the relationship between age and
measurement of the open apices in teeth. Pearson\u2019s correlation
coefficients between age and these variables
showed that the correlations between age and the open
apices in teeth were significant and negative. Furthermore,
gender and the number of teeth with the apical end of the
root canals completely closed (N0) showed a significant
correlation with chronological age. With the aid of a
stepwise multiple regression model, a linear relationship
between open apices, N0, and age was shown. Statistical
analysis indicated that these morphological variables
explain 83.6% of the variations in estimated chronological
age. The median of residual errors between the actual
and estimated ages was 120.035 years [interquartile range
(IQR)=1.18 years]
Variations in pulp/tooth area ratio as an indicator of age: a preliminary study
This paper details for age determination of adult from single rooted theeth. The sample consisted of 100 Italians white Caucasioan patients (46 men, 54 womwn) aged between 18 and 72 years. The single rooted maxillary right canine was utilized in this preliminary study. Pulp/root ration, tooth length ratio, pulp/root area and pulp/root width ratios at three different levels were computed. Pearson's correlation coefficients between age and these variables showed that the ratio between pulp and tooth area correlated best with age (r2 = 0,85). Stepwise multiple regression models yielded a linear relationship between pulp/root width at mid-root level and chronological age and a linear relationship when pulp/tooth area was compared to age. Statistical analysis indicated that these two variables explain 84,9% of variations in estimated chronological age. The median of the absolute value of residual errors between actual and estimated ages was less than four years
Carpals and epiphysis of radius and ulna as age indicators
Estimation of skeletal age using radiographic
images is widely used for assessing biological growth in
clinical and auxological studies. The most frequent areas
used for age estimation in children and adolescents are
tooth and wrist/hand, both giving good results with only a
low level of radiation. In particular, ossification of the
carpals shows good agreement with chronological age. This
study of a sample of 150 Italian children and adolescents
aged between 5 and 17 years focused on analyzing the
possible applications of the proportion of carpal area (Ca)
mineralization as a criterion of age estimation. The ratio
between the total area of carpal bones and epiphyses of the
ulna and radius (Bo) andCa was calculated. This ratio (Bo/Ca)
was used for linear regression analysis. The regression model,
describing age as a linear function of the ratio Bo/Ca, yielded
the following equation: Age= 123.253+0.719g+20.610 Bo/Ca,
and explained 83% of the total variance (R2=0.83). The
median of the absolute values of residuals (observed age
minus predicted age) was 0.08 years, with a quartile deviation
of 1.59 years, and a standard error of estimate of 1.19 years
Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth: an Indian formula.
The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to evaluate
an Indian sample by Cameriere\u2019s European formula; and
second, if this formula turns out to be unsuitable, to study a
specific formula for Indian children. Orthopantomographs
taken from 480 Indian children (227 girls and 253 boys) aged
between 3 and 15 years were analyzed. Following the pilot
study, subjects\u2019 age was modeled as a function of gender (g),
region of country (C), and morphological variables (predictors:
x5, the distance between the inner sides of the open
apex of the second premolar divided by the tooth length;
s \ubc x1 \ufe x2 \ufe x3 \ufe x4 \ufe x5 \ufe x6 \ufe x7, sum of normalized
open apices; N0, the number of teeth with root development
complete. Results showed that all these variables except
gender and second premolar contributed significantly to the
fit so that all were included in the regression model, yielding
the following linear regression formula:
Age \ubc 9:402 0:879 C \ufe 0:663 N0 0:711 s 0:106s N0
where C is a dummy variable equal to 0 for the center or
north of India and 1 for the south. The above equation, with
the variables considered, explained 89.7% (R2=0.897) of
total deviance. The median of the residuals (observed age
minus predicted age) was \u20130.063 years, with an interquartile
range of 1.10 years
Third molar maturity index by measurements of open apices in a Libyan sample of living subjects
In most countries, forensic age estimation in living subjects has become increasingly important in the last few years. In addition, as the age of legal majority ranges from 14 to 18 in many countries, and in Libya it is 18 years, radiographic assessment of the degree of third molar development is essential for forensic age estimation of adolescents and young adults. The aim of this paper is to assess the accuracy of the cut-off value of 0.08, by measurements of third molar index (I3M), in determining if a subject is adult or not in Libyan population. Digital panoramic radiographs of 307 healthy subjects (163 girls, 144 boys), aged between 14 and 22, were analysed. The I3M, the age and the sex of the subjects were used as predictive variable for age estimation. Using a cut-off of 0.08, the sensitivity of the test for boys was 90.9% and the specificity 100%. The proportion of correctly classified individuals was 95.1% (95% CI: 91.5–98.7%). The sensitivity for girls was 90.6% and the specificity 100%. The proportion of correctly classified individuals was 94.5% (95% CI: 90.9–98.1%). Estimated post-test probability in boys and girls was 100%. Further analyses, performed using a cut-off of 0.09, do not affect the specificity (100%) while they improve the sensitivity for both boys and girls
Age estimation using carpals: study of a Slovenian sample to test Cameriere\u2019s method
Carpals are often used as age indicators. In a recent study, Cameriere et al. studied the use of the ratio between the total area of carpal bones and epiphyses of the ulna and radius (Bo) and carpals (Ca) as age indicators. The present study, of a sample of 158 Slovenian children and adolescents aged between 6 and 16 years, focused on analysing the best regression for age estimation. The regression model yielded the following equation:age = 3.411 + 0.942g + 20.927(Bo/Ca), and explained 91.6% of total variance (R2 = 0.916). The median of the absolute values of residuals (observed age minus predicted age) was 0.09 years, with a quartile deviation of 0.786 years, and a standard error of estimate of 0.658 years.
Comparisons between the previous equation referring to Slovenian children and the equivalent linear equation proposed by Cameriere et al. did not reveal any significant differences between the intercepts and slopes of the two linear models. These results suggested a common regression model for both Italian and Slovenian samples.
The common regression model, describing age as a linear function of gender and Bo/Ca ratio, yielded the following linear regression formula: age = 2.907 + 0.408g + 20.757(Bo/Ca). This model explained 86% of total variance (R2 = 0.86). The median of the absolute values of residuals (observed age minus predicted age) was 0.02 years, with a quartile deviation of 1.02 years and a standard error of estimate of 0.96 years
Radiographic analysis of epiphyseal fusion at knee joint to assess likelihood of having attained 18 years of age
Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth: a European formula
The aim of the present paper was to improve and
expand research with a larger number of children from various
European countries and to provide a common formula useful
for all these countries. Orthopantomographs taken from 2,652
European Caucasian children (1,382 boys, 1,270 girls) aged
between 4 and 16 years were analyzed. The children came from
Croatia, Germany, Kosovo, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK.
Following the pilot study, subjects’ age was modeled as a
function of gender (g), morphological variables (predictors)×5
(second premolar), s (sum of normalized open apices) N0, and
the first-order interaction between s and N0. The results
showed that all these variables contributed significantly to
the fit, so that all were included in the regression model,
yielding the following linear regression formula: Age=8.387+
0.282 g−1.692×5+0.835 N0−0.116 s−0.139 s×N0, where
g is a variable, 1 for males and 0 for females. The equation
explained 86.1% (R2=0.861) of total deviance. The median
of the residuals (=observed age minus predicted age) was
−0.114 years, with (RefB.2) interquartile range=1.22 years
The measurement of open apices of teeth to test chronological age of over 14-year-olds in living subjects
Age determination in living subjects is a problem of increasing interest in our community, due to the increasing numbers of individuals without
identification papers, who have immigrated illegally or committed crimes, and for whom it is necessary to verify whether they have reached the age
of 14 years in order to be charged legally.
Although the most widespread methods for age estimation refer to skeletal or dental analysis, these methods do present some drawbacks for
identification of the age of 14. The aim of the present study is to discriminate between children who are or are not 14 years of age or older by
measuring the open apices of teeth.
We evaluated the OPGs of 447 persons aged between 12 and 16 years, of Italian, Croatian and Slovenian nationality. For each individual, dental
maturity was estimated using the number of the seven left permanent mandibular teeth with root development complete, and normalized
measurement of the open apices of the third molar.
The results revealed that an individual is considered to be 14 years of age or older if all seven left permanent mandibular teeth have closed apices
and the normalized measurement of open apices of the third molar is lower than 1.1
Age estimation by tooth/pulp ratio in canines by peri-apical X-rays: reliability in age determination of Spanish and Italian medieval skeletal remains
Estimation of age at death is an unavoidable step in the process of human identification, both in forensic
practice and in the anthropological and palaeopathological study of skeletal remains. In several cases, in
which medical or demographic records are completely lacking, a reliable estimation of the age at death
becomes very important. Skeletal remains from archaeological contexts suffer from several biasing
factors such as post-mortem changes, taphonomy and various burial practices depending on age, sex and
social status of the deceased persons.
Currently, anthropological methods of age determination reveal several possibilities of inaccuracy. Of
all the body parts used in age estimation, teeth are the least affected by any taphonomic process.
Although there are many dental methods for age at death estimation, some of them are very complex
and/or destructive and they are not normally used in anthropology. However, study of the apposition of
secondary dentine by examining peri-apical X-rays of canines is beginning to supply very interesting
results.
The aim of this work was to test Cameriere\u2019s method on a large sample of historical subjects from
several cemeteries in Spain and Italy. The Spanish sample belongs to the Medieval cemetery of La Torrecilla
(Arenas del Rey, Granada) and is housed in the Laboratory of Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Granada. The Italian samples come from the Medieval cemeteries of Comacchio (Ferrara)
and Castel S. Pietro (Bologna).
In order to test the reliability of Cameriere\u2019s method, age estimations of canines were compared with
the mean ranges of age of the most commonly applied anthropological methods such as tooth wear
changes in the pubic symphysis or the metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium. Tests on these
Middle Ages cemeteries produced satisfactory results, indicating that Cameriere\u2019s method is a reliable
tool in determining age at death in skeletal remains of archaeological context
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