Cerebellar deep nuclei involvement in cognitive adaptation and automaticity.

International audienceTo determine the role of the interpositus nuclei of cerebellum in rule-based learning and optimization processes, we studied (1) successive transfers of an initially acquired response rule in a cross maze and (2) behavioral strategies in learning a simple response rule in a T maze in interpositus lesioned rats (neurotoxic or electrolytic lesions). Even though lesioned animals showed no impairment in learning the initial stimulus-response association, they had difficulties in transferring the acquired adapted response rule, and in optimizing their response strategy. These results add information on the role of interpositus nuclei in adaptation to environmental changes

Rôle du cervelet dans les apprentissages (approches clinique, épidémiologique et expérimentale)

PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

The neural cell adhesion molecule-derived peptide FGL facilitates long term plasticity in the dentate gyrus in vivo.

International audienceThe neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is known to play a role in developmental and structural processes but also in synaptic plasticity and memory of the adult animal. Recently, FGL, a NCAM mimetic peptide that binds to the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR-1), has been shown to have a beneficial impact on normal memory functioning, as well as to rescue some pathological cognitive impairments. Whether its facilitating impact may be mediated through promoting neuronal plasticity is not known. The present study was therefore designed to test whether FGL modulates the induction and maintenance of synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) in vivo. For this, we first assessed the effect of the FGL peptide on synaptic functions at perforant path-dentate gyrus synapses in the anesthetized rat. FGL, or its control inactive peptide, was injected locally 60 min before applying high-frequency stimulation (HFS) to the medial perforant path. The results suggest that although FGL did not alter basal synaptic transmission, it facilitated both the induction and maintenance of LTP. Interestingly, FGL also modified the heterosynaptic plasticity observed at the neighboring lateral perforant path synapses. The second series of experiments, using FGL intracerebroventricular infusion in the awake animal, confirmed its facilitating effect on LTP for up to 24 h. Our data also suggest that FGL could alter neurogenesis associated with LTP. In sum, these results show for the first time that enhancing NCAM functions by mimicking its heterophilic interaction with FGFR facilitates hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the awake, freely moving animal

Le Théâtre français des années noires (1940-1944)

International audienceThis collective work recounts the French theatre of the dark years, poorly known today, with precise case studies: creation and reception of plays then thought important, debates within the institution. The French stage of this era belongs to a grey zone, between resistance and collaboration. It is nevertheless then that began a golden age that will last until the 1960s.Cet ensemble se propose de revenir sur le théâtre des années noires, aujourd'hui mal connu, à partir de cas précis : créations et réceptions de pièces alors jugées importantes, débats dans l'institution. La scène française s'est située dans la zone grise, elle n'a ni résisté ni collaboré, mais, paradoxe, commence alors l'âge d'or qui va se prolonger jusqu'aux années 1960