Program computes equilibrium normal shock and stagnation point solutions for arbitrary gas mixtures

Program computes solutions for flow parameters in arbitrary gas mixtures behind a normal and a reflected normal shock, for in-flight and shock-tube stagnation conditions. Equilibrium flow calculations are made by a free-energy minimization technique coupled with the steady-flow conservation equations and a modified Newton-Raphson iterative scheme

Experiences of Living With the Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Photovoice Study.

Nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) are frequently experienced by people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and are often perceived as their most bothersome symptoms. However, these remain poorly understood with suboptimal clinical management. These unmet needs are an important determinant of health-related quality of life (QoL) in PD. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the experience of living with the NMS of PD in real-time using participatory action methodology. Using the photovoice method, 14 people with PD took photographs to document their experiences of living with the NMS of PD. They composed corresponding written narratives to capture the impact of NMS on their daily activities and QoL. In total, 152 photographs and corresponding narratives were analysed using thematic analysis with an inductive approach. Four interrelated themes were identified. Emotional well-being and sense of self encompassed a process of adjustment to living with PD. Engaging in valued activities, adopting a positive mindset and utilising coping strategies were thought to enhance confidence and self-esteem. Social support and societal awareness highlighted the importance of supportive relationships and socialising to aid participation and avoid isolation. Barriers to social engagement included the unpredictability of NMS and nonvisible NMS being neglected or misunderstood. Findings demonstrated the far-reaching impact of nonmotor aspects of PD on emotional, occupational and social dimensions. These needs could be addressed through person-centred and comprehensive approaches to care. This study utilised a participatory research approach allowing participants to choose the subjects that mattered to them and how to present their results. Additionally, a group workshop was held with people with PD, their family members and healthcare professionals to guide theme development. [Abstract copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Health Expectations published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Developmentally regulated loss of ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins during pollen maturation in maize.

Eukaryotic cells typically contain 0.2-1.0% of their total protein as the highly conserved protein ubiquitin, which exists both free and covalently attached to cellular proteins. The attachment of ubiquitin to cellular proteins occurs posttranslationally by a three-enzyme pathway and results in a peptide linkage of the C terminus of ubiquitin either to a lysyl epsilon-amino group of a substrate protein or to a lysyl epsilon-amino group of a previously linked ubiquitin molecule. The multiple conjugation of ubiquitin to substrate proteins via ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages is thought to be necessary, but not sufficient, for recognition and degradation by a ubiquitin-dependent protease. In higher plant cells the steady-state level of ubiquitinated proteins is generally constant and can be readily detected in all somatic tissues. In contrast, we have found that a developmentally regulated loss of free ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins occurs during maize (Zea mays L.) pollen maturation. This dramatic loss of ubiquitin correlates temporally with commitment to the gametophytic developmental program. Northern blot analysis indicates that the loss of ubiquitin is not due to low levels of ubiquitin mRNA, suggesting that a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism is responsible

Impact of stratospheric aircraft emissions on ozone: A two dimensional model study

Atmospheric perturbations caused by the emission of nitrogen oxides from a projected fleet of stratospheric aircraft are studied with a two dimensional chemistry, transport model. Photochemistry of the lower stratosphere, the region where these aircraft may fly, is now known to be influenced by heterogeneous reactions involving sulfuric acid aerosols. This study examines the sensitivity of the atmospheric effects of aircraft to heterogeneous reactions. Information of background aerosols based on the SAGE 2 measurements have been used in the parameterization of the heterogeneous conversion rates. It is found that heterogeneous reactions make the lower stratospheric ozone less sensitive to perturbations in the odd nitrogen level. The calculated reduction in global ozone due to NO(x) injection from a fleet of Mach 2.4 aircraft is 1.28 percent if gas phase reactions only are considered in the model, and 0.06 percent if heterogeneous reactions are included

Oxygen pressure measurement using singlet oxygen emission

Pressure sensitive paint (PSP) provides a visualization of two-dimensional pressure distributions on airfoil and model automobile surfaces. One type of PSP utilizes platinum tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphine (PtTFPP) dissolved in a fluoro-polymer film. Since the intense 650 nm triplet emission of PtTFPP is quenched by ground state oxygen, it is possible to measure two-dimensional oxygen concentration from the 650 nm emission intensity using a Stern-Volmer-type relationship. This article reports an alternative luminescence method to measure oxygen concentration based on the porphyrin-sensitized 1270 nm singlet oxygen emission, which can be imaged with an InGaAs near infrared camera. This direct measurement of oxygen emission complements and further validates the oxygen measurement based on PtTFPP phosphorescence quenching. Initial success at obtaining a negative correlation between the 650nm PtTFPP emission and the 1270 nm O_2 emission in solution led us to additional two-dimensional film studies using surfaces coated with PtTFPP, MgTFPP, and H_2TFPP in polymers in a pressure and temperature controlled chamber

The role of polycyclic frameworks in modulating P2X<inf>7</inf> receptor function

Herein we describe our recent attempts to target the P2X7 receptor for potential treatment of neurological disorders. This work focusses on different polycycles including carborane, adamantane or cubane, joined by either a cyanoguanidine or an amide linker to phenyl or isoquinoline moieties. We have demonstrated the superiority of the adamantyl moiety over other polycycles in terms of synthetic accessibility and biological (cellular) activity. We have also shown that an amide or cyanoguanidine linker can greatly alter the biological activity of compounds. This SAR study provides important insights into the types of functionality required to target the P2X7 receptor

Advantages of Traveling Wave Resonant Antennas for Fast Wave Heating Systems

The resilience of a maximally flat externally coupled traveling wave antenna (TWA) is contrasted with the sensitivity of a simple directly driven resonant loop array to vacuum and plasma conditions in DIII-D. We find a unique synergy between standing and traveling wave resonant TWA components. This synergy extends TWA operation to several passbands between 60 and 120 MHZ, provides 60{degrees}- 120{degrees} tunability between elements within a 1-2 MHZ bandwidth and permits efficient and continuous operation during ELMing H-mode