Prevalence of parasitism by Bucephalus (Von Baer, 1827) in Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1958) from mariculture of the coastal lowlands, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to analyze the parasite prevalence of 40 Perna Perna mussels (Linnaeus, 1758), to verify the presence of the parasite of the genus Bucephalus, originating from mariculture in the coastal lowlands, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Collections were made in the four seasons of the year (autumn, winter, spring, and summer), every three months, from March 2019 to February 2020. In microscopic analysis of soft tissue of P. perna, a prevalence rate of 22.5%parasite was found. Comparison of the two collection areas showed a higher prevalence in Praia do Forno, Arraial do Cabo, during autumn, and both male and female individuals affected

Detection of periodontal pathogens in mothers of preterm birth and/or low weight

The present study aims to estimate the possible relationship between periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity and the birth of Preterm Birth (PTB) and/or Low Birth Weight (LBW). It?s a case- control study with the subgengival biofilm samples were collected from four sites up deeper until 48 hours postpartum and were processes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for presence the periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td),  Tannerella forsythia (Tf) e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The mothers were divided into case grup (babies weighing < 2500g and/or gestational age < 37 weeks) and control group (babies weighing ? 2500g and gestational age ? 37 weeks). Chi-square test and the measure of association obtained by Odds Ratio (OR) were used to estimate the association between the variables. Microbial analyses results showed no significant association between PTB and LBW with most periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity, even with association with the clinical presence of periodontitis. given the high presence of periodontal pathogens in the biofilm subgengival of recent mothers, it is suggested that the findings of this research serve as the basis for future studies on the pathophysiology involved in the relationship between periodontitis and PTB and/or LBW

The presence of hyperostosis in Atlantic moonfish, Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, 1815) in the Brazilian Coast ˗ case report

ABSTRACT The occurrence of hyperostotic bones is common in marine fish, especially in the Carangidae family, despite few records of this condition in fishes from Brazilian waters. The present study describes the occurrence of hyperostosis in Atlantic moonfish (Selene setapinnis) in, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Radiographs of the fish specimens were taken and all of them presented hyperostosis in at least three different regions: cleithrum, pterygiophores and pleural ribs. The observed pattern is different from previously described for other species of the same genus. It is the first record for the species and a valuable contribution to the study of bone diseases in fishes from the Brazilian coast.</jats:p

“Omics” Prospective Monitoring of Bariatric Surgery: Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Outcomes Using Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test and Time-Resolved¹H NMR-Based Metabolomics

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery goes beyond weight loss to induce early beneficial hormonal changes that favor glycemic control. In this prospective study, ten obese subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes underwent bariatric surgery. Mixed-meal tolerance test was performed before and 12 months after RYGB, and the outcomes were investigated by a time-resolved hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR)-based metabolomics. To the best of our knowledge, no previous omics-driven study has used time-resolved (1)H NMR-based metabolomics to investigate bariatric surgery outcomes. Our results presented here show a significant decrease in glucose levels after bariatric surgery (from 159.80 ± 61.43 to 100.00 ± 22.94 mg/dL), demonstrating type 2 diabetes remission (p < 0.05). The metabolic profile indicated lower levels of lactate, alanine, and branched chain amino acids for the operated subject at fasting state after the surgery. However, soon after food ingestion, the levels of these metabolites increased faster in operated than in nonoperated subjects. The lipoprotein profile achieved before and after RYGB at fasting was also significantly different, but converging 180 min after food ingestion. For example, the very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, N-acetyl-glycoproteins, and unsaturated lipid levels decreased after RYGB, while phosphatidylcholine and high-density lipoprotein increased. This study provides important insights on RYGB surgery and attendant type 2 diabetes outcomes using an “omics” systems science approach. Further research on metabolomic correlates of RYGB surgery in larger study samples is called for

High-fat diet associated with obesity induces impairment of mouse corpus cavernosum responses

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the persistent inability to achieve and/or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. ED has been found in patients with cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases. Overweight, obesity and weight gain have been shown to be independent risk factors for the development of ED. Clinical studies show that ED should be considered an early clinical manifestation of risk factors for cardiovascular events, including acute myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms that explains ED associated with obesity are yet to be fully elucidated. Using a mice model of high-fat diet associated with obesity, we have demonstrated that ED is the result of impaired endothelial and nitrergic cavernosal relaxations along with increased contractile responses, favouring penile detumescence. OBJECTIVE Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) is one of the most important risk factor for the development of erectile dysfunction (ED) in man. This study aimed to characterize the ED resulting from obesity associated with HFD in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice fed for 10 weeks with either HFD to induce obesity or a standard-chow diet (SD) were used. Corpus cavernosum was surgically dissected free, and strips were mounted in 10-mL organ baths containing Krebs solution. Functional responses to endothelium-dependent and -independent agents, as well as to electrical-field stimulation were measured in the cavernosal tissue. Levels of cGMP in erectile tissue were detected by enzyme immunoassay assay. RESULTS The potency (pEC(50)) and maximal response (E(max)) to acetylcholine were significantly lower in the HFD group compared with the SD group. A marked decrease in the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (nitrergic) cavernosal relaxations in the HFD group was also detected. There were no significant differences between the SD and HFD groups for the cavernosal relaxations in response to sodium nitroprusside. The contractile responses elicited by the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine were significantly greater in the HFD group compared with the SD group. Similarly, the electrical-field stimulation (2-8 Hz)-induced adrenergic contractions were markedly greater in HFD mice. The pEC(50) for endothelin-1 was about 6.9-fold higher in the HFD compared with SD group. The basal cGMP content was 47% lower in HFD strips compared with SD group. There were no morphological alterations in erectile tissue of HFD group compared with SD mice. CONCLUSION Obesity associated with HFD favours ED as result of impaired endothelial and nitrergic cavernosal relaxations along with increased contractile responses to adrenergic stimulation and endothelin-1 receptor activation1071016281634FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOsem informaçã