13,463 research outputs found
Bond Order via Light-Induced Synthetic Many-body Interactions of Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices
We show how bond order emerges due to light mediated synthetic interactions
in ultracold atoms in optical lattices in an optical cavity. This is a
consequence of the competition between both short- and long-range interactions
designed by choosing the optical geometry. Light induces effective many-body
interactions that modify the landscape of quantum phases supported by the
typical Bose-Hubbard model. Using exact diagonalization of small system sizes
in one dimension, we present the many-body quantum phases the system can
support via the interplay between the density and bond (or matter-wave
coherence) interactions. We find numerical evidence to support that dimer
phases due to bond order are analogous to valence bond states. Different
possibilities of light-induced atomic interactions are considered that go
beyond the typical atomic system with dipolar and other intrinsic interactions.
This will broaden the Hamiltonian toolbox available for quantum simulation of
condensed matter physics via atomic systems.Comment: Accepted in New Journal of Physic
How High are the Giants' Shoulders: An Empirical Assessment of Knowledge Spillovers and Creative Destruction in a Model of Economic Growth
The pace of industrial innovation and growth is shaped by many forces that interact in complicated ways. Profit-maximizing firms pursue new ideas to obtain market power, but the pursuit of the same goal by other means that even successful inventions art eventually superseded by others; this known as creative destruction. New ideas not only yield new goods but also enrich the stock of knowledge of society and its potential to produce new ideas. To a great extent this knowledge is non-excludable, making research and inventions the source of powerful spillovers. The extent of spillovers depends on the rate at which new ideas outdate old ones, that is on the endogenous technological obsolescence of ideas, and on the rate at which knowledge diffuses among inventors. In this paper we build a simple model that allows us to organize our search for the empirical strength of the concepts emphasized above. We then use data on patents and patent citations as empirical counterparts of new ideas and knowledge spillovers, respectively, to estimate the model parameters. We find estimates of the annual rate of creative destruction in the range of 2 to 7 percent for the decade of the 1970s, which rates for individual sectors as high as 25 percent. For technological obsolescence, we find an increase over the century from about 3 percent per year to about 12 percent per year in 1990, with a noticeable plateau in the l970s. We find the rate of diffusion of knowledge to be quite rapid, with the mean lag between I and 2 years. Lastly, we find that the potency of spillovers from old ideas to new knowledge generation (as evidenced by patent citation rate) has been declining over the century: the resulting decline in the effective public stock of knowledge available to new inventors is quite consistent with the observed decline in the average private productivity of research inputs
Non-Hermitian Dynamics in the Quantum Zeno Limit
Measurement is one of the most counter-intuitive aspects of quantum physics.
Frequent measurements of a quantum system lead to quantum Zeno dynamics where
time evolution becomes confined to a subspace defined by the projections.
However, weak measurement performed at a finite rate is also capable of locking
the system into such a Zeno subspace in an unconventional way: by Raman-like
transitions via virtual intermediate states outside this subspace, which are
not forbidden. Here, we extend this concept into the realm of non-Hermitian
dynamics by showing that the stochastic competition between measurement and a
system's own dynamics can be described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We
obtain an analytic solution for ultracold bosons in a lattice and show that a
dark state of the tunnelling operator is a steady state in which the
observable's fluctuations are zero and tunnelling is suppressed by destructive
matter-wave interference. This opens a new venue of investigation beyond the
canonical quantum Zeno dynamics and leads to a new paradigm of competition
between global measurement backaction and short-range atomic dynamics.Comment: Accepted in Phys. Rev.
On the recovery of ISW fluctuations using large-scale structure tracers and CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies
In this work we present a method to extract the signal induced by the
integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect in the cosmic microwave background (CMB).
It makes use of the Linear Covariance-Based filter introduced by Barreiro et
al., and combines CMB data with any number of large-scale structure (LSS)
surveys and lensing information. It also exploits CMB polarization to reduce
cosmic variance. The performance of the method has been thoroughly tested with
simulations taking into account the impact of non-ideal conditions such as
incomplete sky coverage or the presence of noise. In particular, three galaxy
surveys are simulated, whose redshift distributions peak at low (), intermediate () and high redshift (). The
contribution of each of the considered data sets as well as the effect of a
mask and noise in the reconstructed ISW map is studied in detail. When
combining all the considered data sets (CMB temperature and polarization, the
three galaxy surveys and the lensing map), the proposed filter successfully
reconstructs a map of the weak ISW signal, finding a perfect correlation with
the input signal for the ideal case and around 80 per cent, on average, in the
presence of noise and incomplete sky coverage. We find that including CMB
polarization improves the correlation between input and reconstruction although
only at a small level. Nonetheless, given the weakness of the ISW signal, even
modest improvements can be of importance. In particular, in realistic
situations, in which less information is available from the LSS tracers, the
effect of including polarisation is larger. For instance, for the case in which
the ISW signal is recovered from CMB plus only one survey, and taking into
account the presence of noise and incomplete sky coverage, the improvement in
the correlation coefficient can be as large as 10 per cent.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Molecular kinetics of solid and liquid CHCl
We present a detailed analysis of the molecular kinetics of CHCl in a
range of temperatures covering the solid and liquid phases. Using nuclear
quadrupolar resonance we determine the relaxation times for the molecular
rotations in solid at pre-melting conditions. Molecular dynamics simulations
are used to characterize the rotational dynamics in the solid and liquid phases
and to study the local structure of the liquid in terms of the molecular
relative orientations. We find that in the pre-melting regime the molecules
rotate about the C-H bond, but the rotations are isotropic in the liquid, even
at supercooled conditions.Comment: Chemical Physics Letter (in press). 14 pages, 7 figure
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