Mapeamento de fragmentos florestais com monodominância de aroeira a partir da classificação supervisionada de imagens Rapideye

A espécie florestal Myracrodruon urundeuva (Fr. All.) figura desde 1992 na lista de espécies da flora brasileira ameaçadas de extinção e, contudo, manifesta comportamento monodominante em algumas regiões do Estado de Minas Gerais, sobretudo na região do Médio Rio Doce. Este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar métodos de classificação supervisionada de imagens Rapideye para mapeamento de fragmentos florestais monodominados por Myracrodruon urundeuva em Tumiritinga, MG. Foram avaliadas a classificação pelo algoritmo da Maximaverossimilhança (Maxver) e a classificação por Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA). Foram testadas 19 combinações envolvendo diferentes bandas, componentes principais e o índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada para a classificação da imagem Rapideye. O treinamento da rede foi realizado variando-se a taxa de aprendizado, o número de interações e o número de neurônios na camada interna. A avaliação dos mapas temáticos produzidos foi realizada através dos índices Kappa e Kappa condicional para a classe de uso do solo "aroeira" e pela análise das Matrizes de Confusão. O método que apresentou melhor desempenho foi a classificação de todas as bandas da imagem Rapideye pelo algoritmo Maxver, apresentando coeficientes Kappa 80 e Kappa condicional 90. O mapa temático gerado teve exatidão do usuário igual a 93% e exatidão do produtor igual a 90%, sendo as maiores confusões do classificador para a classe Aroeira Monodominante acometidas entre as classes Mata Nativa e Pasto Manejado. Da imagem temática produzida, extraiu-se a informação de que 22% do Município de Tumiritinga se encontrava sob ocupação da aroeira em monodominância. A análise do uso e cobertura do solo no município não retrata, na região de estudo, o quadro anunciado de espécie ameaçada de extinção, no qual M. urundeuva se encontra

Smoking and timing of cessation on postoperative pulmonary complications after curative-intent lung cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND Smoking is a risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) following non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgery. The optimal timing for preoperative smoking cessation has not been identified. Our study aimed to observe the impact of preoperative smoking cessation on PPC incidence and other postoperative outcomes including long-term survival. METHODS A prospective study included consecutive patients following resection for NSCLC in a regional thoracic centre over a 4-year period (2010-2014). Patients were stratified according to self-reported preoperative smoking status. The primary endpoint was PPC incidence, which was assessed from postoperative day one onwards using the Melbourne Group Scale. Secondary endpoints included short-term outcomes (hospital length of stay [LOS], intensive therapy unit [ITU] admission, 30-day hospital readmission rate) and long-term survival. RESULTS Four hundred and sixty-two patients included 111 (24%) current smokers, 55 (12%) ex-smokers <6 weeks, 245 (53%) ex-smokers ≥6 weeks and 51 (11%) never smokers. PPC occurred in 60 (13%) patients in total. Compared to never smokers, current smokers had a higher frequency of PPC (22% vs. 2%, p = 0.004), higher frequency of ITU admission (14% vs. 0%; p = 0.001) and a longer median (IQR) hospital LOS (6 [5] vs. 5 [2]; p = 0.001). In the ex-smokers there was a trend for a lower frequency of PPC (<6 weeks, 10.9% vs. ≥6 weeks, 11.8%) and ITU admission (<6 weeks, 5.5% vs. ≥6 weeks, 4.5%), but there was no difference between the <6 weeks or ≥6 weeks ex-smoking groups prior to surgery. There was no significant difference in long-term survival found between the groups of differing smoking status (median follow-up 29.8 months, 95%CI 28.4-31.1). CONCLUSION Current smokers have higher postoperative morbidity; this risk reduces following smoking cessation but 6 weeks does not appear to identify a time-point where differences in outcomes are noted

Working Toward Reducing Violence Against LGBTQQIA+ Populations

LGBTQQIA+: This acronym has come to represent a wide variety of communities, spanning gender and sexual identities. By definition, LGBTQQIA+ reflects Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, Questioning, Intersex, and Asexual communities. This acronym has undergone a number of changes in recent decades. Historically, it was simply GLB (Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual). However, social movements within subsets of the population advocated for change and expansion, and the acronym continues to grow. Concerns surrounding the inevitability of excluding particular groups has led to the proliferation of the acronym GSM (gender and sexual minorities), which is regarded as being more inclusive

Characterization of culturable Paenibacillus spp. from the snow surface on the high Antarctic Plateau (DOME C) and their dissemination in the Concordia research station.

Culturable psychrotolerant bacteria were isolated from the top snow on the high Antarctic Plateau surrounding the research station Concordia. A total of 80 isolates were recovered, by enrichment cultures, from two different isolation sites (a distant pristine site [75° S 123° E] and a site near the secondary runway of Concordia). All isolates were classified to the genus Paenibacillus by 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis and belonged to two different species (based on threshold of 97 % similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence). ERIC-PCR fingerprinting indicated that the isolates from the two different sites were not all clonal. All isolates grew well from 4 to 37 °C and were resistant to ampicillin and streptomycin. In addition, the isolates from the secondary runway were resistant to chromate and sensitive to chloramphenicol, contrary to those from the pristine site. The isolates were compared to 29 Paenibacillus isolates, which were previously recovered from inside the Concordia research station. One of these inside isolates showed ERIC- and REP-PCR fingerprinting profiles identical to those of the runway isolates and was the only inside isolate that was resistant to chromate and sensitive to chloramphenicol. The latter suggested that dissemination of culturable Paenibacillus strains between the harsh Antarctic environment and the inside of the Concordia research station occurred. In addition, inducible prophages, which are potentially involved in horizontal dissemination of genes, were detected in Paenibacillus isolates recovered from outside and inside the station. The highest lysogeny was observed in strains harvested from the hostile environment outside the station.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe