Evolution in Asynchronous Cellular Automata

Final Accepted Versio

An Annotated List of the Cerambycidae of Michigan (Coleoptera) Part I, Introduction and the Subfamilies Parandrinae, Prioninae, Spondylinae, Aseminae, and Cerambycinae

The Cerambycidae are generally acknowledged as one of the most popular families of Coleoptera, and it is not surprising that they have been collected widely in Michigan. Andrews (1916, 1921, 1929), Hatch (1924), Hubbard and Schwarz (1878), and Wickham (1895), included Cerambycidae in published lists of insects from various localities in the state. The present list, however, is the first to include records of collections made throughout Michigan. Some regions of the state have been rather thoroughly collected, particularly the southeastern counties. Collecting throughout Michigan has been sufficient to consider this list as essentially complete, although continued studies in the southwestern Lower Peninsula and the western Upper Peninsula will undoubtedly add a few species to the records

Competition from Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) in Pb(II) binding to Suwannee River Fulvic Acid

This is a study of trace metal competition in the complexation of Pb(II) by well-characterized humic substances, namely Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) in model solutions. It was found that Cu(II) seems to compete with Pb(II) for strong binding sites of SRFA when present at the same concentration as Pb(II). However, Cd(II) and Zn(II) did not seem to compete with Pb(II) for strong binding sites of SRFA. These two metals did compete with Pb(II) for the weaker binding sites of SRFA. Heterogeneity of SRFA was found to play a crucial role in metal-SRFA interactions. The environmental significance of this research for freshwater is that even at relatively low Pb(II) loadings, the metals associated with lead in minerals, e.g. Cu(II), may successfully compete with Pb(II) for the same binding sites of the naturally occurring organic complexants, with the result that some of the Pb(II) may exist as free Pb2+ ions, which has been reported to be one of the toxic forms of Pb in aquatic environment

The biology and culture of tropical oysters

Reviews the biology and ecology of oysters, and experimental and culture techniques used in the tropics; describes problems in tropical oyster farming and identifies research needs to further develop this form of aquaculture. Three oyster genera are discussed: Ostrea, Crassostrea and Saccostrea. The advantages and disadvantages of various species of each genus with regard to aquaculture are also described.Oyster culture, Tropics, Biology

Jhamarkotra phosphate ore processing plant

ABSTRACT: Low grade phosphate ore of Jhamarkotra that analyzes 16.5% P~2~O~5~ is upgraded to 34% P~2~O~5~ by a two stage flotation process after size reducing the ore to 90% passing through 200mesh using conventional equipment such as jaw and cone crushers followed by ball mills. Re-engineering the flotation circuit reduced the power consumption from 55 kWh per metric ton of ore treated to 50 kWh. Incorporation of roller press in the grinding circuit resulted into further reduction of power consumption to 32 kWh per metric ton of ore treated.

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The influence of vegetation on turbulence and flow velocities in European salt-marshes

Flow hindrance by salt-marsh vegetation is manifested in the structure of the tidal current; it has a significant impact on sediment transport and it has been related to increased sediment accretion. The flow characteristics in three different vegetation types (Spartina maritima, Sp. anglica and Salicornia sp./Suaeda maritima) were measured on three salt-marshes in Portugal and England. These in situ measurements differ from laboratory flume experiments with 'clean' vegetation by the complexity of natural canopies. Skimming flow develops above the Spartina canopy when the vegetation is fully submerged. In this situation, a low turbulence zone with nearly constant velocity in the denser canopy is separated from the skimming flow above by an interface characterized by high Reynolds stresses. In the low turbulence zone, a positive relationship exists between turbulence intensity and shoot density, which is due to wake turbulence generated locally in the canopy. The rate of particle settling should be increased in that zone. The lower limit of skimming flow is best predicted by the height within the canopy that includes 85% of the biomass. For emergent Spartina canopies and the short Salicornia/Suaeda marsh, the maximal velocity-gradient is shifted upwards compared to a standard boundary layer over bare sediment and the turbulence is attenuated near the bed, but to a lesser extent than for fully submerged Spartina canopies. A turbulence reduction near the bed was observed in all measured profiles; that should enhance sediment deposition and protects the bed against subsequent erosion

Detection and Treatment of Mineral Nutrition Problems in Grazing Sheep

Livestock Production/Industries,