Honeycreeper predation on caterpillars on the island of Hawaii

Western Region, National Park Servic

The CPSU UH

Western Region, National Park Service, Contract #CX8000 6 003

New Products of the 80s & 90s: the Diffusion of Household Technology in the Decade 1985-1995.

As technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace, it has exerted substantial influence on everyone's lives. Over the years various inventions have made their way into homes and have substantially changed the way people work, rest and play. This paper reviews some of these developments and attempts to estimate the extent of these changes with regard to the introduction of five types of household appliances.TECHNOLOGY ; HOUSEHOLD

Actes de la première conférence régionale sur la lutte contre Miconia = Proceedings of the first regional conference on Miconia control

#Miconia Calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) est un arbre originaire des forêts humides d'Amérique tropicale, introduit comme plante ornementale en Polynésie Française et dans les îles Hawaï où il y constitue actuellement une plante envahissante majeure et y a été déclaré légalement espèce nuisible. Les objectifs de cette première conférence régionale sur la lutte contre #M. calvescens réunissant chercheurs et gestionnaires, sont de présenter le statut et la distribution actuelle de cette peste végétale dans les différentes zones envahies de la région du Pacifique (Polynésie Française, Hawaï, Australie), les méthodes de lutte déjà utilisées (lutte manuelle, chimique et biologique) ainsi que les stratégies de gestion appliquée

Coupling starlight into single-mode photonic crystal fiber using a field lens.

We determine the coupling characteristics of a large mode area (LMA) photonic crystal, single-mode fiber when fed with an on-axis field lens used to place an image of the telescope exit pupil at the fiber input. The maximum field of view is found to be approximately the same as that of feeding the fiber directly with the telescope PSF in the image plane. However, the field lens feed can be used to provide a flat, maximised coupling response over the entire visible-NIR which is not possible using either the highly wavelength dependent direct feed coupling to the LMA fiber or the attenuation spectrum limited step index fiber cases

How explicit are the barriers to failure in safety arguments?

Safety cases embody arguments that demonstrate how safety properties of a system are upheld. Such cases implicitly document the barriers that must exist between hazards and vulnerable components of a system. For safety certification, it is the analysis of these barriers that provide confidence in the safety of the system. The explicit representation of hazard barriers can provide additional insight for the design and evaluation of system safety. They can be identified in a hazard analysis to allow analysts to reflect on particular design choices. Barrier existence in a live system can be mapped to abstract barrier representations to provide both verification of barrier existence and a basis for quantitative measures between the predicted barrier behaviour and performance of the actual barrier. This paper explores the first stage of this process, the binding between explicit mitigation arguments in hazard analysis and the barrier concept. Examples from the domains of computer-assisted detection in mammography and free route airspace feasibility are examined and the implications for system certification are considered

Gage cookbook: Tools and techniques to measure stresses and motions on explosive experiments

Tools and techniques developed to measure stresses and motions on underground nuclear and high explosive tests in the tuff geologies at the Nevada Test Site are described in this document. The thrust of the measurements was to understand containment phenomenology. The authors concentrate on the fluid-coupled ytterbium gage; it was fielded to measure dynamic stress in the 0.2 to 20 kilobar range and the subsequent, low amplitude residual stress. Also described are accelerometer packages; their traces were integrated to obtain particle motion. Various cable survival techniques were investigated with field measurements for they wished to extend the measurements to late-time. Field measurements were also made to address the gage inclusion problem. Work to date suggests that the problem is a minimum when the stress level is above the yield strength of the host rock and grout. Below the yield level stress amplitudes in the grouted hole can range from 60 to 200% of the stress in the host rock

Plant Nutrients in Potato Processing Waste Water Used for Irrigation

Food processing industries discharge large volumes of waste water that are generally characterized by high organic matter content, large amounts of suspended solids, and various inorganic constituents including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (3, 4, 5, 6). Until recently, food processing waste water was discharged into streams or rivers, but governmental regulations now prohibit this. Food processors must either treat their waste water to meet established water quality standards before discharging it, or find an alternative waste water disposal method. Secondary treatment, although expensive, has been satisfactory in some cases, but tertiary treatment with removal of nitrogen and phosphorus may be required in the future. Energy requirements for secondary treatment are high, and plant nutrients usually contained in the waste water are a valuable resource. Irrigating cropped agricultural land requires little energy and some of the nutrients can be used by growing plants. Therefore, irrigating with food processing waste water may be a long-term solution to the waste water disposal problem. This report gives the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations in potato processing waste water and the amounts of water and included nutrients applied to fields at five potato processing plants in Idaho

Elastic constants of 3-, 4- and 6-connected chiral and anti-chiral honeycombs subject to uniaxial in-plane loading

Finite Element models are developed for the in-plane linear elastic constants of a family of honeycombs comprising arrays of cylinders connected by ligaments. Honeycombs having cylinders with 3, 4 and 6 ligaments attached to them are considered, with two possible configurations explored for each of the 3- (trichiral and anti-trichiral) and 4- (tetrachiral and anti-tetrachiral) connected systems. Honeycombs for each configuration have been manufactured using rapid prototyping and subsequently characterised for mechanical properties through in-plane uniaxial loading to verify the models. An interesting consequence of the family of 'chiral' honeycombs presented here is the ability to produce negative Poisson's ratio (auxetic) response. The deformation mechanisms responsible for auxetic functionality in such honeycombs are discussed