Efeito da luz e da temperatura na germinação de sementes de quatro espécies de Xyris L. (Xyridaceae) ocorrentes na Serra do Cipó, MG, Brasil Light and temperature effect on germination of four species of Xyris L. (Xyridaceae) seeds occurring at the Serra do Cipó, MG, Brazil

As espécies do gênero Xyris são típicas de solos brejosos ou úmidos, sendo bastante freqüentes nos campos rupestres de Minas Gerais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o comportamento germinativo de sementes de X. cipoensis Smith & Downs, X. longiscapa A. Nilsson, X. platystachia A. Nilsson e X. trachyphylla Mart. sob diferentes condições de luz e temperatura. Os experimentos de germinação foram realizados em câmaras de germinação nas temperaturas constantes de 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40ºC, sob luz e escuro contínuos, e nas alternâncias de 25-15, 30-15, 30-20, 35-15, 35-20 e 35-25ºC, onde as temperaturas mais altas referem-se ao período de luz, sob fotoperíodo de 12 horas. As quatro espécies de Xyris apresentam sementes pequenas e sensíveis à luz, com resposta nula de germinação no escuro. As sementes de X. cipoensis germinaram em faixa mais estreita de temperatura (20 a 30ºC), apresentando alta porcentagem de germinação na temperatura constante de 20ºC. A faixa de 15 a 30ºC foi favorável à germinação das sementes de X. longiscapa, X. platystachia e X. trachyphylla, apresentando baixo percentual de germinação a 15ºC. As temperaturas alternantes não favoreceram a germinação em relação às temperaturas constantes.<br>The Xyris genus species are typical from marshy or wet soils, being quite common on Minas Gerais rocky fields. The objective of this study was to investigate the germinative behavior of X. cipoensis Smith & Downs, X. longiscapa A. Nilsson, X. platystachia A. Nilsson and X. trachyphylla Mart. under different light and temperatures conditions. The germination experiments took place in germination chambers at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40ºC, under continuous white light and darkness, and on the alternating temperatures of 25-15, 30-15, 30-20, 35-15, 35-20 and 35-25ºC, the higher temperature being in light at a 12 hours photoperiod. The four species of Xyris have small and light sensitive seeds, with no germination on darkness. The seeds of X. cipoensis germinated in a strict temperature (20 to 30ºC), presenting higher percentage of germination at the constant temperature of 20ºC. The 15 to 30ºC range were favorable to the germination of X. longiscapa, X. platystachia and X. trachyphylla seeds. These species presented low percentage of germination at 15ºC. The alternating temperature did not favor the germination when compared to the constant temperatures

Portable Acceleration of CMS Computing Workflows with Coprocessors as a Service

Computing demands for large scientific experiments, such as the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, will increase dramatically in the next decades. To complement the future performance increases of software running on central processing units (CPUs), explorations of coprocessor usage in data processing hold great potential and interest. Coprocessors are a class of computer processors that supplement CPUs, often improving the execution of certain functions due to architectural design choices. We explore the approach of Services for Optimized Network Inference on Coprocessors (SONIC) and study the deployment of this as-a-service approach in large-scale data processing. In the studies, we take a data processing workflow of the CMS experiment and run the main workflow on CPUs, while offloading several machine learning (ML) inference tasks onto either remote or local coprocessors, specifically graphics processing units (GPUs). With experiments performed at Google Cloud, the Purdue Tier-2 computing center, and combinations of the two, we demonstrate the acceleration of these ML algorithms individually on coprocessors and the corresponding throughput improvement for the entire workflow. This approach can be easily generalized to different types of coprocessors and deployed on local CPUs without decreasing the throughput performance. We emphasize that the SONIC approach enables high coprocessor usage and enables the portability to run workflows on different types of coprocessors