Mechanical behavior of irregular fibers part III : the flexural buckling behavior

Fiber buckling behavior is associated with fabric-evoked prickle, which affects clothing comfort and aesthetics. In this paper, the flexural buckling behavior of irregular or nonuniform fibers is studied using the finite element method (FEM). Fiber dimensional irregularities are simulated with sine waves of different magnitude, frequency, and initial phase. The critical buckling loads of the simulated fibers are then calculated from the FE model. The results indicate that increasing the level of irregularity will decrease the critical buckling load of fibers, but the effect of the frequency and initial phase of irregularity on fiber buckling behavior is complicated and is affected by fiber diameter and effective length

Layered hybrid phase Li2NaV2(PO4)3/carbon dot nanocomposite cathodes for Li+/Na+ mixed-ion batteries

Hybrid phase Li2NaV2(PO4)3 (H-LNVP) is one of the most promising cathode materials for Li+/Na+ mixed-ion batteries.</p

Assessment of solid waste generation and treatment in the Australian economic system: A Closed Waste Supply-Use model

The Household sector (HS) is not only the major cause of waste generation in industrial sectors, but also the same function as an industrial sector to generate waste. Current researches mainly focus on waste generation caused by the demand of the HS based on the environmentally-extend input-output (EEIO) models while the effect of the HS as an industrial sector on waste flow has not been analysed. In addition, there is uncertainty around the economic cost of waste management discussed in EEIO models due to the lack of the calculation of the cost of labor. We adjust waste supply-use table to analyse effects of the HS as an industrial sector on waste flow, resulting in closed waste supply-use table (CWSUT). The novelty of the method lies in a shift in the effect of the HS, from an exogenous factor to an endogenous factor. Results derived from Australian CWSUT in 2009–10 illustrate waste generation effects of intermediate sectors and the mixed waste flows of the HS. The definition of “intermediate sector” is that the sector consumes intermediate inputs from producing sectors and generates intermediate outputs to Final demand (Acemoglu, Aghion et al. 2003). They show that: (1) the Construction sector has the largest waste generation effects, in which the amount of masonry waste has accounted for the most direct and total effects of waste generation; (2) investigations regarding the HS in CWSUT can calculate the amount of direct and total waste generation, the monetary flow, and effects of the Income for the Household sector. Base on the above results, the paper puts forwards the application of the CWSUT on other types of environmental issues and waste policies. Keywords: Waste management, Closed waste supply-use table, Australian economy, the Household sector

Various series expansions for the bilayer S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet

Various series expansions have been developed for the two-layer, S=1/2, square lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. High temperature expansions are used to calculate the temperature dependence of the susceptibility and specific heat. At T=0, Ising expansions are used to study the properties of the N\'{e}el-ordered phase, while dimer expansions are used to calculate the ground-state properties and excitation spectra of the magnetically disordered phase. The antiferromagnetic order-disorder transition point is determined to be $(J_2/J_1)_c=2.537(5)$. Quantities computed include the staggered magnetization, the susceptibility, the triplet spin-wave excitation spectra, the spin-wave velocity, and the spin-wave stiffness. We also estimates that the ratio of the intra- and inter-layer exchange constants to be $J_2/J_1\simeq 0.07$ for cuprate superconductor $YBa_2Cu_3O_{6.2}$.Comment: RevTeX, 9 figure

Some properties of the newly observed X(1835) state at BES

Recently the BES collaboration has announced observation of a resonant state in the $\pi^+\pi^- \eta'$ spectrum in $J/\psi \to \gamma \pi^+\pi^-\eta'$ decay. Fitting the data with a $0^{-+}$ state, the mass is determined to be 1833.7 MeV with $7.7\sigma$ statistic significance. This state is consistent with the one extracted from previously reported $p \bar p$ threshold enhancement data in $J/\psi \to \gamma p \bar p$. We study the properties of this state using QCD anomaly and QCD sum rules assuming X(1835) to be a pseudoscalar and show that it is consistent with data. We find that this state has a sizeable matrix element $$ leading to branching ratios of $(2.61\sim 7.37)\times 10^{-3}$ and $(2.21\sim 10.61)\times 10^{-2}$ for $J/\psi \to \gamma G_p$ and for $G_p \to \pi^+\pi^- \eta'$, respectively. Combining the calculated branching ratio of $J/\psi \to \gamma G_p$ and data on threshold enhancement in $J/\psi \to \gamma p \bar p$, we determine the coupling for $G_p- p-\bar p$ interaction. We finally study branching ratios of other $J/\psi \to \gamma + {three mesons}$ decay modes. We find that $J/\psi \to \gamma G_p \to \gamma (\pi^+\pi^- \eta, K K \pi^0)$ can provide useful tests for the mechanism proposed.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. The final version to appear at EPJ

Amplitude Zeros in Radiative Decays of Scalar Particles

We study amplitude zeros in radiative decay processes with a photon or a gluon emission of all possible scalar particles(e.g. scalar leptoquarks) which may interact with the usual fermions in models beyond the standard model. For the decays with a photon emission, the amplitudes clearly exhibit the factorization property and the differential decay rates vanish at specific values of a certain variable which are determined only by the electric charges of the particles involved and independent of the particle masses and the various couplings. For the decays with a gluon emission, even though the zeros are washed away, the differential decay rates still have distinct minima. The branching ratios as a function of leptoquark masses are presented for the scalar leptoquark decays. We also comment on the decays of vector particles into two fermions and a photon.Comment: Revtex, 17 pages + 6 figures (available upon request), Preprint, OITS559. Several typos with tex file were correcte

Phase transition in the transverse Ising model using the extended coupled-cluster method

The phase transition present in the linear-chain and square-lattice cases of the transverse Ising model is examined. The extended coupled cluster method (ECCM) can describe both sides of the phase transition with a unified approach. The correlation length and the excitation energy are determined. We demonstrate the ability of the ECCM to use both the weak- and the strong-coupling starting state in a unified approach for the study of critical behavior.Comment: 10 pages, 7 eps-figure

Changes of waste generation in Australia: insights from structural decomposition analysis

Waste generation is linked to consumption both in households (Final demand) and in the supply chain. Gaining understanding into the driving forces that change of waste generation in the supply chain can contribute to solving issues of waste management. The environmentally-extend input-output model is an effective tool with which to investigate the relationship between economic activities and waste generation. In this paper structural decomposition analysis (SDA) is employed to analyse the determinants of changes of waste generation in Australian economy from 2007–2008 to 2013–2014. Empirical results indicate that the major determinant for the increase of waste generation was change in Final demand’s overall level of economic activity. Changes in the production mix of Final demand (mix effect) was responsible for a decrease of waste generation in Australian economy during the period. The Manufacturing sector was found to have the highest waste generation intensity. Meaning that each million $AUD output of the Manufacturing sector resulted in the most amount of waste generation. In addition, technological change has contributed the largest waste generation effect for the Construction sector in 2011–2012. These findings suggest that Final demand, technological changes and sectoral changes are identified as the drivers of Australian waste generation historically. To reduce waste generation, policy must be targeted at altering behaviour of consumption and waste generation, and increasing innovation of new ecological technologies for Australian industry

Long-term trends in tropical cyclone tracks around Korea and Japan in late summer and early fall

This study investigates long-term trends in tropical cyclones (TCs) over the extratropical western North Pacific (WNP) over a period of 35 years (1982-2016). The area analyzed extended across 30-45 degrees N and 120-150 degrees E, including the regions of Korea and Japan that were seriously affected by TCs. The northward migration of TCs over the WNP to the mid-latitudes showed a sharp increase in early fall. In addition, the duration of TCs over the WNP that migrated northwards showed an increase, specifically in early to mid-September. Therefore, more recently, TC tracks have been observed to significantly extend into the mid-latitudes. The recent northward extension of TC tracks over the WNP in early fall was observed to be associated with changes in environmental conditions that were favorable for TC activities, including an increase in sea surface temperature (SST), decrease in vertical wind shear, expansion of subtropical highs, strong easterly steering winds, and an increase in relative vorticity. In contrast, northward migrations of TCs to Korea and Japan showed a decline in late August, because of the presence of unfavorable environmental conditions for TC activities. These changes in environmental conditions, such as SST and vertical wind shear, can be partially associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation

Electrical transport studies of quench condensed Bi films at the initial stage of film growth: Structural transition and the possible formation of electron droplets

The electrical transport properties of amorphous Bi films prepared by sequential quench deposition have been studied in situ. A superconductor-insulator (S-I) transition was observed as the film was made increasingly thicker, consistent with previous studies. Unexpected behavior was found at the initial stage of film growth, a regime not explored in detail prior to the present work. As the temperature was lowered, a positive temperature coefficient of resistance (dR/dT > 0) emerged, with the resistance reaching a minimum before the dR/dT became negative again. This behavior was accompanied by a non-linear and asymmetric I-V characteristic. As the film became thicker, conventional variable-range hopping (VRH) was recovered. We attribute the observed crossover in the electrical transport properties to an amorphous to granular structural transition. The positive dR/dT found in the amorphous phase of Bi formed at the initial stage of film growth was qualitatively explained by the formation of metallic droplets within the electron glass.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure