Efeitos de diferentes tempos de extração no teor e composição química do óleo essencial de folhas de pariparoba [Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq.]

O presente trabalho visou avaliar a influência de diferentes tempos de extração no teor e composição química do óleo essencial da espécie Pothomorphe umbellata. Folhas de pariparoba foram coletadas em Cajamar - SP, no mês de junho de 2006. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tempos de extração (90, 120, 150, 180, 210 e 240 minutos) e 4 repetições. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada por hidrodestilação e a análise química em CG-EM. O tempo de 180 minutos proporcionou maior rendimento do óleo essencial (0,42%), enquanto a composição química não foi influenciada pelos diferentes tempos de destilação. As principais substâncias identificadas foram: D-germacreno (65,5%), alfa-selineno (9,7%), trans-cariofileno (7,5%), e espatulenol (6,58%). Conclui-se que o tempo de extração afeta diretamente o rendimento e a proporção das substâncias químicas, recomendando-se a extração em até 180 minutos

Vegetative propagation of pariparoba plants [Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq.] on different substrates and number of nodes per cutting

O presente trabalho foi conduzido no Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP de Botucatu, durante o período de agosto a dezembro de 2006. O experimento constou de dois tipos de estacas, com um e dois nós, e três diferentes substratos: areia fina, solo (Latossolo Vermelho distrófico) e um mix (solo + esterco bovino + substrato comercial + vermiculita na proporção 3:1:1:1). O delineamento experimental foi um fatorial 2 x 3 com quatro repetições em blocos inteiramente casualizados. Foram analisadas as variáveis biométricas: porcentagem de sobrevivência de plantas, número e comprimento de folhas, massa fresca e seca de folhas e raízes. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos, à Análise de Variância e as médias ao teste de Tukey com probabilidade de 5%. As estacas com um nó apresentaram maior porcentagem de sobrevivência de plantas quando comparadas com as com dois nós e, as estacas propagadas no substrato mix, apresentaram maiores valores comprimento de folhas, massa fresca e seca de folhas e raízes. Portanto, recomenda-se propagar estacas de P. umbellata com um nó em um substrato nas proporções 3:1:1:1 (v/v) de solo + esterco bovino + substrato comercial + vermiculita.This experiment was carried out at the Department of Plant Production, College of Agronomical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, from August to December 2006. The experiment included two types of cuttings, with one and two nodes, and three different substrates: fine sand, soil (Dystrophic Red Latosol) and a mix (soil + cattle manure + commercial substrate + vermiculite, at the proportion 3:1:1:1). The experimental design was in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement with four replicates in completely randomized blocks. The following biometric variables were analyzed: percentage of plant survival, leaf number and length, besides leaf and root dry and fresh mass. The obtained results were subjected to Analysis of Variance and the means to Tukey's test with 5% probability. Cuttings with one node had higher percentage of plant survival, compared to those presenting two nodes, and cuttings propagated on the mix substrate had higher values of leaf length, and leaf and root dry and fresh mass. Therefore, P. umbellata cuttings with one node are recommended to be propagated on a substrate with the proportions 3:1:1:1 of soil + cattle manure + commercial substrate + vermiculite

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger

International audienceOn 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of $\sim 1.7\,{\rm{s}}$ with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg(2) at a luminosity distance of ${40}_{-8}^{+8}$ Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 $\,{M}_{\odot }$. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at $\sim 40\,{\rm{Mpc}}$) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ∼10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position $\sim 9$ and $\sim 16$ days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC 4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta