The Study on RFID Security Method for Entrance Guard System

The RFID technology has been used by industries in recent years, for examples, replacing the traditional two-dimensional barcode, logistics management, military applications, identification. In fact, RFID technology has become one of the new killer technologies. The RFID uses radio frequency to convey information which involves, however, many security problems; Current RFID guidelines do not present solutions to these security problems. The methods put forward in published paper fail to offer complete solutions, either. This study identifies RFID security method for Entrance Guard system. The algorithms used include Hash, AES, random values, XOR four item technology, and use the three-way authentication structure to solve the safety problems of the certification of Entrance Guard system. The experiment showed the algorithms provided better protection on the current RFID systems against attack methods such as Eavesdropping, Traceability, Spoofing and Replay attacking

Rapid micromixer via ferrofluids

AbstractPerformances of a micromixer based on ferrofluids are predicted numerically. A permanent magnet is used to induce transient interactive flows between a water-based ferrofluid and water. The external magnetic field causes the ferrofluid to expand significantly and uniformly toward miscible water, associated with a great number of extremely fine fingering structures on the interface in the upstream and downstream regions of the microchannel. These pronounced fingering patterns, which mimic the experimental observations of Wen et al. (2009), increase the mixing interfacial length dramatically. Along with the dominant diffusion effects occurring around the circumferential regions of the fine finger structures, the mixing efficiency increases significantly. The mixing efficiency can be as high as 95% within 2.0 s and a distance of 3.0 mm from the inlet of the mixing channel, when the applied peak magnetic field is 145.8 Oe. The proposed mixing scheme not only provides an excellent mixing, even in simple microchannel, but also can be easily applied to lab-on-a-chip applications with an external permanent magnet

Synthesis of Cobalt Nanowires on Porous Anodic Alumina Template Using Electrochemical Deposition

Electrochemical deposition has been widely used for synthesis of metal nanowires (NWs) on the porous template. In this paper, the effect of potential and electrolyte concentration on cobalt (Co) NWs formation through porous anodic alumina template has been investigated using direct-current electrodepostion at 0.75~2 V together with the high 0.5 M and low 0.1 M cobalt sulfurate based electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction were used to examine the nanostructure, morphology and phase of Co NWs. The current vs time curve was recorded for understanding the growth behavior. Too low potential of 0.75 V is not favored for Co NWs formation due to insufficient driving force while too high potential of 2 V ruins the NWs growth owing to hydrogen generation in reduction reaction. The uniform crystalline Co NWs can be obtained by the proper potential of 1V and concentration of 0.5 M at an average growth rate of 964 nm/min

Phylogenetics and Biogeography of the Phalaenopsis violacea (Orchidaceae) Species Complex Based on Nuclear and Plastid DNA

The Phalaenopsis violacea complex includes two species P violacea Witte and Phalaenopsis bellina (Rchb f) E A Christ However three forms of P violacea have been found in different areas including Sumatra the Malay Peninsula and Mentawai Island The phylogenetic tree inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) the trnL intron and the atpB rbcL spacer of plastid DNA were used to clarify the phylogenetics and biogeography of the P violacea complex Analyses of the trnL intron sequences and of the atpB rbcL spacer did not allow for apparent discrimination among these three species of the P violacea complex Based on the phylogenetic tree inferred from th

Analytical Simulations for Shaking Table Tests of a Full Scale Buckling Restrained Braced Frame

AbstractThe seismic response tests of a full-scale five-story passively-controlled steel building have been conducted on the EDefense shaking table in Japan in March 2009. Before the tests, a blind prediction contest was held to allow researchers and practitioners from all over the world to construct numerical model and predict the dynamic responses of the building frame equipped with buckling restrained braces or viscous dampers. This paper presents the response predictions made before the tests of the buckling restrained braced frame (BRBF). A three-dimensional shell finite element subassembly model was constructed to investigate the stiffness of the buckling-restrained brace end joint. The dynamic test results of the sample steel dampers provided by the organizer were used to calibrate the BRB strength in the numerical model. The details of the numerical model for the composite beam, hollow structural section column, and the beam-to-column panel zone are described. Base on the numerical and test analyses, effective numerical models are presented and the recommended nonlinear modeling techniques for BRBF are provided

The quantum cryptographic switch

We illustrate using a quantum system the principle of a cryptographic switch, in which a third party (Charlie) can control to a continuously varying degree the amount of information the receiver (Bob) receives, after the sender (Alice) has sent her information. Suppose Charlie transmits a Bell state to Alice and Bob. Alice uses dense coding to transmit two bits to Bob. Only if the 2-bit information corresponding to choice of Bell state is made available by Charlie to Bob can the latter recover Alice's information. By varying the information he gives, Charlie can continuously vary the information recovered by Bob. The performance of the protocol subjected to the squeezed generalized amplitude damping channel is considered. We also present a number of practical situations where a cryptographic switch would be of use.Comment: 7 pages, 4 Figure

Identification of differentially expressed genes induced by Bamboo mosaic virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana by cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism

Background: The genes of plants can be up- or down-regulated during viral infection to influence the replication of viruses. Identification of these differentially expressed genes could shed light on the defense systems employed by plants and the mechanisms involved in the adaption of viruses to plant cells. Differential gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants in response to infection with Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) was revealed using cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Results: Following inoculation with BaMV, N. benthamiana displayed differential gene expression in response to the infection. Isolation, cloning, and sequencing analysis using cDNA-AFLP furnished 90 cDNA fragments with eight pairs of selective primers. Fifteen randomly selected genes were used for a combined virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) knockdown experiment, using BaMV infection to investigate the roles played by these genes during viral infection, specifically addressing the means by which these genes influence the accumulation of BaMV protein. Nine of the 15 genes showed either a positive or a negative influence on the accumulation of BaMV protein. Six knockdown plants showed an increase in the accumulation of BaMV, suggesting that they played a role in the resistance to viral infection, while three plants showed a reduction in coat protein, indicating a positive influence on the accumulation of BaMV in plants. An interesting observation was that eight of the nine plants showing an increase in BaMV coat protein were associated with cell rescue, defense, death, aging, signal transduction, and energy production. Conclusions: This study reports an efficient and straightforward method for the identification of host genes involved in viral infection. We succeeded in establishing a cDNA-AFLP system to help track changes in gene expression patterns in N. benthamiana plants when infected with BaMV. The combination of both DNA-AFLP and VIGS methodologies made it possible to screen a large number of genes and identify those associated with infections of plant viruses. In this report, 9 of the 15 analyzed genes exhibited either a positive or a negative influence on the accumulation of BaMV in N. benthamiana plants

Estrogen receptor alpha polymorphism is associated with pelvic organ prolapse risk

Estrogen and estrogen receptors are known to play important roles in the pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We investigated whether estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) gene polymorphisms were associated with POP risk by conducting a case-control association study in 88 women with POP and 153 women without POP. Genotypes of the ER alpha (ESR1) gene polymorphisms (rs17847075, rs2207647, rs2234693, rs3798577, and rs2228480) were determined by polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. There was significant difference between women with and those without POP in the distribution of the ESR1 rs2228480 genotypes evaluated. By using multivariable logistic regression, age and ESR1 rs2228480 genotype GA were significantly associated with POP risk. Although the sample size of women with POP studied is small, the present study shows that ER alpha genotype may be associated with POP risk

Wave Height Transformation and Set-up Between A Submerged Permeable Breakwater and A Seawall

In this study, we investigated wave transformation and wave set-up between a submerged permeable breakwater and a seawall. Modified time-dependent mild-slope equations, which involve parameters of the porous medium, were used to calculate the wave height transformation and the mean water level change around a submerged breakwater. The numerical solution is verified with experimental data. The simulated results show that modulations of the wave profile and wave set-up are clearly observed between the submerged breakwater and the seawall. In contrast to cases without a seawall, the node or pseudo-node of wave height evolution can be found between the submerged breakwater and the seawall. Higher wave set-up occurs if the nodal or pseudo-nodal point appears near the submerged breakwater. We also examined the influence of the porosity and friction factor of the submerged permeable breakwater on wave transformation and set-up

Fractionation of protein adducts in rats and mice dosed with C-14 pentachlorophenol

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) induces liver cancer in mice, possibly due to covalent binding of PCP metabolites to critical macromolecules. In this work, covalent binding was related to PCP biotransformation and specific (cysteinyl) adducts of chlorinated quinones in liver and blood of Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1 mice dosed with [C-14]PCP. Using a sequential scheme of scintillation counting along with selective cleavage of cysteinyl adducts by Raney nickel, we quantified total radiobinding, total covalent binding, non-cysteinyl protein binding, and specific protein adducts in liver nuclei (Np), liver cytosol (Cp), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum albumin (Alb). Almost all of the radiobinding to Np (> 98%) was attributed to covalent binding in both rats and mice. Regarding Cp, more covalent binding was observed in mice than in rats (100% versus 67%, P = 0.015). Very little binding was attributed to serum Alb (rats 1.3%, mice 2.6%, P = 0.046) or Hb (not detected in either species). These results indicate that the liver was the main organ for PCP metabolism and that relatively little of the dose of reactive metabolites became systemically available. Cysteinyl binding accounted for 76-91% of total covalent binding to Np and 68-76% of total covalent binding to Cp. In addition, five times more PCP was bioactivated in the livers of mice than in those of rats (2.14% of the dose bound to Cp in mice and 0.416% in rats). These results reinforce previous studies, suggesting that the liver was a target organ of PCP carcinogenicity and that mice were more susceptible to liver damage than rats. However, the sum of all quantified adducts accounted for only 7-8% of total cysteinyl binding to Np and 2% to Cp, suggesting that other uncharacterized binding species may be important to the toxicity of PCP