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To Blink or Not to Blink: Fine Cognitive Tuning of the Defensive Peripersonal Space
The blink reflex elicited by the electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist (hand blink reflex, HBR) is a subcortical, defensive response that is enhanced when the stimulated hand is inside the peripersonal space of the face. Such enhancement results from a tonic, topdown modulation of the excitability of the brainstem interneurons mediating the HBR. Here we aim to (1) characterize the somatotopical specificity of this top down modulation and (2) investigate the effect of cognitive expectations on such modulation. Experiment 1 showed that the somatotopical specificity of the HBR enhancement is not only heterosegmental, but also partially homosegmental, i.e. the enhancement is greater for the HBR elicited by stimulation of the hand located inside the peripersonal space of the face, as compared to the HBR elicited by the stimulation of the other hand, always kept far from the face. Experiment 2 showed that the top-down modulation of the HBR is triggered only when the participants expect to receive stimuli on the hand placed inside the peripersonal space of the face, and is
thus strongly dependent on cognitive expectations. Taken together, these findings indicate a fine somatotopical and cognitive tuning of the excitability of brainstem circuits subserving the HBR, whose strength is adjusted depending on the context in a purposeful manner
The resummation of inter-jet energy flow for gaps-between-jets processes at HERA
We calculate resummed perturbative predictions for gaps-between-jets
processes and compare to HERA data. Our calculation of this non-global
observable needs to include the effects of primary gluon emission (global
logarithms) and secondary gluon emission (non-global logarithms) to be correct
at the leading logarithm (LL) level. We include primary emission by calculating
anomalous dimension matrices for the geometry of the specific event definitions
and estimate the effect of non-global logarithms in the large limit. The
resulting predictions for energy flow observables are consistent with
experimental data.Comment: 31 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
Identifying the mechanisms underpinning recognition of structured sequences of action
© 2012 The Experimental Psychology SocietyWe present three experiments to identify the specific information sources that skilled participants use to make recognition judgements when presented with dynamic, structured stimuli. A group of less skilled
participants acted as controls. In all experiments, participants were presented with filmed stimuli containing structured action sequences. In a subsequent recognition phase, participants were presented with new and previously seen stimuli and were required to make judgements as to whether or not each sequence had been presented earlier (or were edited versions of earlier sequences). In Experiment 1,
skilled participants demonstrated superior sensitivity in recognition when viewing dynamic clips compared with static images and clips where the frames were presented in a nonsequential, randomized manner, implicating the importance of motion information when identifying familiar or unfamiliar sequences. In Experiment 2, we presented normal and mirror-reversed sequences in order to distort access to absolute motion information. Skilled participants demonstrated superior recognition sensitivity, but no significant differences were observed across viewing conditions, leading to the suggestion
that skilled participants are more likely to extract relative rather than absolute motion when making such judgements. In Experiment 3, we manipulated relative motion information by occluding several display
features for the duration of each film sequence. A significant decrement in performance was reported when centrally located features were occluded compared to those located in more peripheral positions.
Findings indicate that skilled participants are particularly sensitive to relative motion information when attempting to identify familiarity in dynamic, visual displays involving interaction between numerous features
Simultaneous Projectile-Target Excitation in Heavy Ion Collisions
We calculate the lowest-order contribution to the cross section for
simultaneous excitation of projectile and target nuclei in relativistic heavy
ion collisions. This process is, to leading order, non-classical and adds
incoherently to the well-studied semi-classical Weizs\"acker-Williams cross
section. While the leading contribution to the cross section is down by only
from the semiclassical process, and consequently of potential
importance for understanding data from light projectiles, we find that phase
space considerations render the cross section utterly negligible.Comment: 9 pages, LA-UR-94-247
Algorithms as Folding: Reframing the Analytical Focus. 6(2): 1-12.
This article proposes an analytical approach to algorithms that stresses operations of folding. The aim of this approach is
to broaden the common analytical focus on algorithms as biased and opaque black boxes, and to instead highlight the
many relations that algorithms are interwoven with. Our proposed approach thus highlights how algorithms fold heterogeneous things: data, methods and objects with multiple ethical and political effects. We exemplify the utility of our
approach by proposing three specific operations of foldingâproximation, universalisation and normalisation. The article
develops these three operations through four empirical vignettes, drawn from different settings that deal with algorithms
in relation to AIDS, Zika and stock markets. In proposing this analytical approach, we wish to highlight the many different
attachments and relations that algorithms enfold. The approach thus aims to produce accounts that highlight how
algorithms dynamically combine and reconfigure different social and material heterogeneities as well as the ethical,
normative and political consequences of these reconfigurations
Evolution of a Network of Vortex Loops in the Turbulent Superfluid Helium; Derivation of the Vinen Equation
The evolution a network of vortex loops due to the fusion and breakdown in
the turbulent superfluid helium is studied. We perform investigation on the
base of the "rate equation" for the distribution function of number of
loops in space of their length . There are two mechanisms for change of
quantity . Firstly, the function changes due to deterministic process of
mutual friction, when the length grows or decreases depending on orientation.
Secondly, the change of occurs due to random events when the loop
crosses itself breaking down into two daughter or two loops collide merging
into one larger loop. Accordingly the "rate equation" includes the "collision"
term collecting random processes of fusion and breakdown and the deterministic
term. Assuming, further, that processes of random colliding are fastest we are
in position to study more slow processes related to deterministic term. In this
way we study the evolution of full length of vortex loops per unit volume-so
called vortex line density . It is shown this evolution to obey
the famous Vinen equation. In conclusion we discuss properties of the Vinen
equation from the point of view of the developed approach.Comment: Presentation at QFS2006, submitted to JLT
Constraining disk evolution prescriptions of planet population synthesis models with observed disk masses and accretion rates
While planets are commonly discovered around main-sequence stars, the processes leading to their formation are still far from being understood. Current planet population synthesis models, which aim to describe the planet formation process from the protoplanetary disk phase to the time exoplanets are observed, rely on prescriptions for the underlying properties of protoplanetary disks where planets form and evolve. The recent development in measuring disk masses and disk-star interaction properties, i.e., mass accretion rates, in large samples of young stellar objects demand a more careful comparison between the models and the data. We performed an initial critical assessment of the assumptions made by planet synthesis population models by looking at the relation between mass accretion rates and disk masses in the models and in the currently available data. We find that the currently used disk models predict mass accretion rate in line with what is measured, but with a much lower spread of values than observed. This difference is mainly because the models have a smaller spread of viscous timescales than what is needed to reproduce the observations. We also find an overabundance of weakly accreting disks in the models where giant planets have formed with respect to observations of typical disks. We suggest that either fewer giant planets have formed in reality or that the prescription for planet accretion predicts accretion on the planets that is too high. Finally, the comparison of the properties of transition disks with large cavities confirms that in many of these objects the observed accretion rates are higher than those predicted by the models. On the other hand, PDS70, a transition disk with two detected giant planets in the cavity, shows mass accretion rates well in line with model predictions
Morphometric and physical characteristics distinguishing adult Patagonian lamprey, Geotria macrostoma from the pouched lamprey, Geotria australis
The pouched lamprey, Geotria australis Gray, 1851, has long been considered monotypic in the Geotriidae family with a wide southern temperate distribution across Australasia and South America. Recent studies have provided molecular and morphological evidence for a second Geotria species in South America; Geotria macrostoma (Burmeister, 1868). The aim of this study was to determine morphometric and physical characteristics of adult G. macrostoma that further differentiate this re-instated species of Geotriidae from G. australis. The diagnostic features discriminating immature adult G. macrostoma from G. australis when entering fresh water, are distinct differences in dentition, oral papillae and fimbriae counts and differences in coloration. In addition, G. macrostoma display greater growth of the prebranchial region and oral disc and has a deeper body depth and higher condition factor. All current ecological knowledge of the genus Geotria is based on Australasian populations, which may not be applicable to G. macrostoma. To ensure the conservation and protection of the Patagonian lamprey as a re-identified species, further investigations are needed to understand its life history, biology and ecology throughout its range
Photon and Z induced heavy charged lepton pair production at a hadron supercollider
We investigate the pair production of charged heavy leptons via
photon-induced processes at the proposed CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
Using effective photon and Z approximations, rates are given for
production due to fusion and fusion for the cases of
inelastic, elastic and semi-elastic collisions. These are compared with
the corresponding rates for production via the gluon fusion and Drell-Yan
mechanisms. Various and differential luminosities
for collisions are also presented.Comment: 22 pages, RevTex 3.0, 6 uuencoded and compressed postscript figures
included. Reference to one paper changed from the original preprint number to
the published version. Everything else unchange
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