The Cancer Genome Atlas Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma(RCC) is not a single disease, but several histologically defined cancers with different genetic drivers, clinical courses, and therapeutic responses. The current study evaluated 843 RCC from the three major histologic subtypes, including 488 clear cell RCC, 274 papillary RCC, and 81 chromophobe RCC. Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analysis of the RCC subtypes reveals distinctive features of each subtype that provide the foundation for the development of subtype-specific therapeutic and management strategies for patients affected with these cancers. Somatic alteration of BAP1, PBRM1, and PTEN and altered metabolic pathways correlated with subtype-specific decreased survival, while CDKN2A alteration, increased DNA hypermethylation, and increases in the immune-related Th2 gene expression signature correlated with decreased survival within all major histologic subtypes. CIMP-RCC demonstrated an increased immune signature, and a uniform and distinct metabolic expression pattern identified a subset of metabolically divergent (MD) ChRCC that associated with extremely poor survival

Geochemistry and human selenium imbalances in China

Se is a naturally occurring non-metallic trace element which is essential to human and other animal health in small doses (0.04 μg/g) but is harmful in excess (> 4 μg/g). China possesses one of the best epidemiological databases in the world on Se related diseases which has been used in conjunction with geochemical data to demonstrate a significant geological control on human Se exposure. Se deficiency in soils and crops has been linked to an endemic cardiomyopathy (Keshan Disease (KD)), osteoarthropathic disorders (Kashin-Beck Disease) and oesophageal cancer whereas selenium toxicity causes hair loss and nail deformation. However, the precise geographic areas at risk, the geochemical factors controlling environmental Se levels and human Se status are poorly defined and appropriate remediation strategies have yet to be established

Gamma radiation treatment applied to microbial decontamination of products derived from eggs collected from the retail market in São Paulo

ABSTRACT The quality of products derived from eggs depends on the quality of the raw material source and the industrial production. The contamination by fungi and bacteria can occur after exposure of the product in the retail market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of 60 samples of derivated egg products and evaluate the effects of gamma radiation of cobalt-60, using the dose of 5 and 10 kGy, for decontamination of products collected in the retail market in the São Paulo city. The bacterial count was performed by the most probable number (MPN) and the fungal counts by serial dilution after plating surface. It was observed a decrease in the humidity and water activity (Aw) values of irradiated whole egg powder and white egg powder samples (p0.05). In the powdered yolk the values of pH and Aw presented a significant difference (p0.05). Effective microbial sterilization of all products occurred at the dose of 10 kGy

Gamma radiation treatment applied to microbial decontamination of products derived from eggs collected from the retail market in São Paulo

<div><p>ABSTRACT The quality of products derived from eggs depends on the quality of the raw material source and the industrial production. The contamination by fungi and bacteria can occur after exposure of the product in the retail market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of 60 samples of derivated egg products and evaluate the effects of gamma radiation of cobalt-60, using the dose of 5 and 10 kGy, for decontamination of products collected in the retail market in the São Paulo city. The bacterial count was performed by the most probable number (MPN) and the fungal counts by serial dilution after plating surface. It was observed a decrease in the humidity and water activity (Aw) values of irradiated whole egg powder and white egg powder samples (p<0.05), but there was no significant change in the pH of the same samples irradiated with 5 and 10 kGy (p>0.05). In the powdered yolk the values of pH and Aw presented a significant difference (p<0.05), but no significant difference in the humidity values of 5 and 10 kGy irradiated samples (p>0.05). Effective microbial sterilization of all products occurred at the dose of 10 kGy.</p></div