360° access to the skull base

Choosing the optimal approach to a given skull base tumor continues to be a matter of great debate. While endoscopy has revolutionized the management of various cranial base pathologies a thorough understanding of all approaches available to the skull base team is critical in order to properly manage these lesions. Herein, we present an overview of the most relevant approaches used to access the skull base. It is important for the skull base surgeon to be familiar with these approaches and understand what each approach can achieve

Endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and its role in managing locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma

10.1016/j.otc.2011.07.002Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America4451141-1154OCNA

Undertreatment of pain and low use of opioids in Latin America

Pain is highly prevalent among the adult Latin American population. However, many patients with moderate to severe pain do not have access to effective pain management with opioids due to limited access to healthcare, overuse of nonopioid analgesics, regulatory barriers and lack of appropriate information about opioids. There is scarce training on use of opioids among physicians and other healthcare providers, which leads to misconceptions, mainly related to a fear of prescribing opioids. Although opioids are safe and effective drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic pain, the use of opioids in Latin American nations is clearly below standards compared with developed countries

Undertreatment of pain and low use of opioids in Latin America

Pain is highly prevalent among the adult Latin American population. However, many patients with moderate to severe pain do not have access to effective pain management with opioids due to limited access to healthcare, overuse of nonopioid analgesics, regulatory barriers and lack of appropriate information about opioids. There is scarce training on use of opioids among physicians and other healthcare providers, which leads to misconceptions, mainly related to a fear of prescribing opioids. Although opioids are safe and effective drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic pain, the use of opioids in Latin American nations is clearly below standards compared with developed countries