High-Efficient Parallel CAVLC Encoders on Heterogeneous Multicore Architectures

This article presents two high-efficient parallel realizations of the context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) based on heterogeneous multicore processors. By optimizing the architecture of the CAVLC encoder, three kinds of dependences are eliminated or weaken, including the context-based data dependence, the memory accessing dependence and the control dependence. The CAVLC pipeline is divided into three stages: two scans, coding, and lag packing, and be implemented on two typical heterogeneous multicore architectures. One is a block-based SIMD parallel CAVLC encoder on multicore stream processor STORM. The other is a component-oriented SIMT parallel encoder on massively parallel architecture GPU. Both of them exploited rich data-level parallelism. Experiments results show that compared with the CPU version, more than 70 times of speedup can be obtained for STORM and over 50 times for GPU. The implementation of encoder on STORM can make a real-time processing for 1080p @30fps and GPU-based version can satisfy the requirements for 720p real-time encoding. The throughput of the presented CAVLC encoders is more than 10 times higher than that of published software encoders on DSP and multicore platforms

Integer quantum Hall effect and topological phase transitions in silicene

We numerically investigate the effects of disorder on the quantum Hall effect (QHE) and the quantum phase transitions in silicene based on a lattice model. It is shown that for a clean sample, silicene exhibits an unconventional QHE near the band center, with plateaus developing at $\nu=0,\pm2,\pm6,\ldots,$ and a conventional QHE near the band edges. In the presence of disorder, the Hall plateaus can be destroyed through the float-up of extended levels toward the band center, in which higher plateaus disappear first. However, the center $\nu=0$ Hall plateau is more sensitive to disorder and disappears at a relatively weak disorder strength. Moreover, the combination of an electric field and the intrinsic spin-orbit interaction (SOI) can lead to quantum phase transitions from a topological insulator to a band insulator at the charge neutrality point (CNP), accompanied by additional quantum Hall conductivity plateaus.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Factors involved in mandibular condylar growth: an overview

Although functional appliances have been widely adopted for clinical modulation of mandibular growth for nearly a century, the underlying regulatory mechanism of mandibular condyle growth have been under investigation. Over these years, studies have been focused on both the natural growth of mandibular condyle and its growth modulation by functional appliances at cellular and molecular levels. It has been identified that several factors including Sox9, type II collagen, PTHrP, Ihh, FGFR, type X collagen, VEGF, Cbfa1/Runx2 and OPG/RANKL play a pivotal role in growth and development of mandibular condyle. This review provides an overview of the impacts of these key factors on mandibular condylar growth.published_or_final_versio

Mandibular condyle: structure properties and growth regulation

Malocclusion is a developmental condition. In most instances, malocclusion and dentofacial deformity arise from variations in the normal development, and so it must be evaluated against a perspective of natural growth. For mandible, the deficiency or excess will lead to the skeletal problems three-dimensionally. Thus, it is important to understand the growth discipline and the regulatory mechanism. The mandibular condylar cartilage, which covers the surface of the mandibular condyle at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), has long been considered as a critical growth site [1]. It is unique in terms of several morphological, physiological and functional properties different from the articular cartilage of the long bones. However, compared to the well-studied developmental process in the growth plate of long bone, less has been explored on the regulatory mechanism of the mandibular condyle growth.published_or_final_versio