1, 2-, 1, 3- and 1, 4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylates of Cd and Mn with chain and layered structures

A systematic study has been carried out on the three isomeric cyclohexanedicarboxylates (CHDCs) formed by cadmium and manganese with the three isomeric dicarboxylic acids, in the presence or absence of amines. The CHDCs have been prepared under hydrothermal conditions and their structures established by X-ray crystallography. We have been able to isolate two-dimensional layered structures of 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylates and chain structures of 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylates. The infinite metal-oxygen-metal linkages are observed only in the case of the 1,2-dicarboxylate. In all the three isomeric cyclohexanedicarboxylates, the e,e conformation is most favored, although the 1,4-CHDCs often contain rings in both the e,e and the a,e conformations

Echocardiographic evaluation of left atrial performance by using left atrial appendage flow velocity

Background:  Left atrial (LA) functional Study has a traditional role in evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. The widely accepted echocardiographic parameters used in routine clinical practice to assess left ventricular diastolic function include pulsed-wave doppler mitral inflow analysis, tissue doppler imaging measurements, and LA dimension estimation. Left atrial appendage doppler studies using early diastolic emptying velocity, late diastolic emptying velocity and LAA filling velocity imaging to assess LA function were validated in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Currently, there is no evidence regarding the Left atrial appendage doppler studies used in identifying the performance of left atrium and diastolic function in patients with Normal Sinus Rhythm. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the performance of left atrial function in patients with normal sinus rhythm using Left atrial appendage doppler studies. Methods: In a study population of 63 patients aged >18 years old who undergone routine echocardiographic study for Cardiac evaluation between Jan 2017 to Jan 2018, among which 40 (64%) were males and 23 (36%) were females. For those Patient’s, left atrial appendage flow velocity and diastolic doppler parameters are noted from G E echocardiography machine by the single observer. Results: The Mean Left Atrial Appendage (late-diastolic emptying velocity) in diastolic dysfunction patients (39.74) associated with impaired left atrial function, when compared with the mean Left Atrial Appendage (late-diastolic emptying velocity) in patients without diastolic dysfunction (54.76) respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we founded that Patient with diastolic dysfunction had an impaired left atrial function that was measured by left atrial appendage flow velocity

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Complex Transcriptional Networks of Rice Developing Seeds

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The development of rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) seed is closely associated with assimilates storage and plant yield, and is fine controlled by complex regulatory networks. Exhaustive transcriptome analysis of developing rice embryo and endosperm will help to characterize the genes possibly involved in the regulation of seed development and provide clues of yield and quality improvement.</p> <h3>Principal Findings</h3><p>Our analysis showed that genes involved in metabolism regulation, hormone response and cellular organization processes are predominantly expressed during rice development. Interestingly, 191 transcription factor (TF)-encoding genes are predominantly expressed in seed and 59 TFs are regulated during seed development, some of which are homologs of seed-specific TFs or regulators of <em>Arabidopsis</em> seed development. Gene co-expression network analysis showed these TFs associated with multiple cellular and metabolism pathways, indicating a complex regulation of rice seed development. Further, by employing a cold-resistant <em>cultivar</em> Hanfeng (HF), genome-wide analyses of seed transcriptome at normal and low temperature reveal that rice seed is sensitive to low temperature at early stage and many genes associated with seed development are down-regulated by low temperature, indicating that the delayed development of rice seed by low temperature is mainly caused by the inhibition of the development-related genes. The transcriptional response of seed and seedling to low temperature is different, and the differential expressions of genes in signaling and metabolism pathways may contribute to the chilling tolerance of HF during seed development.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results provide informative clues and will significantly improve the understanding of rice seed development regulation and the mechanism of cold response in rice seed.</p> </div

Identification and Characterization of NF-Y Transcription Factor Families in the Monocot Model Plant Brachypodium distachyon

BACKGROUND: Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) is a heterotrimeric transcription factor composed of NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC proteins. Using the dicot plant model system Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), NF-Y were previously shown to control a variety of agronomically important traits, including drought tolerance, flowering time, and seed development. The aim of the current research was to identify and characterize NF-Y families in the emerging monocot model plant Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) with the long term goal of assisting in the translation of known dicot NF-Y functions to the grasses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We identified, annotated, and further characterized 7 NF-YA, 17 NF-YB, and 12 NF-YC proteins in Brachypodium (BdNF-Y). By examining phylogenetic relationships, orthology predictions, and tissue-specific expression patterns for all 36 BdNF-Y, we proposed numerous examples of likely functional conservation between dicots and monocots. To test one of these orthology predictions, we demonstrated that a BdNF-YB with predicted orthology to Arabidopsis floral-promoting NF-Y proteins can rescue a late flowering Arabidopsis mutant. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The Brachypodium genome encodes a similar complement of NF-Y to other sequenced angiosperms. Information regarding NF-Y phylogenetic relationships, predicted orthologies, and expression patterns can facilitate their study in the grasses. The current data serves as an entry point for translating many NF-Y functions from dicots to the genetically tractable monocot model system Brachypodium. In turn, studies of NF-Y function in Brachypodium promise to be more readily translatable to the agriculturally important grasses

Magnetic phase evolution in Fe substituted GdBaCo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5.5</SUB>

Magnetization and magneto-resistance experiments have been carried out on well characterized samples of the GdBaCo<SUB>2-x</SUB>Fe<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>5.5</SUB> series. Zero field cooled magnetization measurements in the low concentration Fe samples suggest, that the low temperature anti-ferromagnetic phase transforms sequentially to several Ferromagnetic phases, before transforming to a Paramagnetic state with increase in temperature. The anti-ferromagnetic to the first Ferromagnetic phase transition is associated with a large negative Magneto-resistance for Fe fractions upto x=0.075. Isothermal magnetization measurements in the Ferromagnetic like region of the samples, suggests the presence of mixtures of two Ferromagnetic phases. Similar measurements performed at low temperatures where anti-ferromagnetic-like phase is stabilised suggest the presence of a mixture of anti-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. Magnetization and magneto-resistance are seen to collapse for Fe fractions, x&gt;0.1. Based on these studies a plausible scenario of the evolution of Magnetism with Fe substitution in GdBaCo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5.5</SUB>, is suggested

Heterometallic Inorganic-Organic Frameworks of Sodium-Bismuth Benzenedicarboxylates

Four three-dimensional (3D) inorganic-organic heterometallic Na-Bi benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) frameworks, [NaBi(1,4-BDC)2(DMF) 2], 1, [NaBi(1,4-BDC)2(DMF)(H2O)](DMF), 2, [NaBi(1,3-BDC)2(DMF)], 3, and [NaBi(1,3-BDC)2(EtOH)], 4, have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2 have very similar channel structures in which infinite Na'O'Bi chains of one-dimensional inorganic connectivity are linked by the 1,4-BDC anions into 3D structures (I1O2). Compound 2 was obtained from 1 when it was exposed to moisture; it becomes amorphous when the solvent is removed from the channels on heating, but the activated phase has a reasonably high surface area of 71 m2/g from nitrogen porosimetry measurements. Compounds 3 and 4 are isostructural except for the solvents; they contain Na'O'Bi layers that are linked into 3D structures (I2O1) by 1,3-BDC anions. They are robust owing to their two-dimensional inorganic connectivity and retain their framework structures even after the removal of the solvent molecules from the channels. However, the surface area of an activated sample of 3 is only 8 m2/g due to the narrow apertures into the cavities. Tb3+- and Eu3+-doped 2 and 3 emit characteristic ligand-sensitized green and red luminescence, respectively. © 2009 American Chemical Society