Vitamin E in Viral Inactivated Vaccines

Abstract This research aimed at verifying whether vitamin E added to inactivated and emulsified vaccines enhances the immune response to viral antigens in chicken. Three hundred and twenty broilers (males and females) and 16 types of vaccines, varying in viral antigen [Newcastle disease virus, egg drop syndrome 1976 virus (EDS76V), and infectious bursal disease virus] and vitamin E amount (replacing 10, 20, and 30% of mineral oil) were used. Results show that vaccines with vitamin E, especially when it replaces 20 or 30% of mineral oil, induces a more rapid and higher antibody response than control vaccines. An adjuvant effect of vitamin E was also present in viral vaccine lacking bacterial antigens. Apart from vitamin E content, the Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus monovalent vaccines induced higher titers of specific circulating antibodies in birds than did trivalent vaccines

Rééducation Posturale Globale in musculoskeletal diseases: scientific evidence and clinical practice

SUMMARY Several studies on the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases with physiotherapy and clinical experiences on the basis of a method called Rééducation Posturale Globale (RPG), have highlighted the usefulness of this treatment. Although such treatment technique is commonly used in physical therapy practice, only few studies support its therapeutic effectiveness. Objective: To search the literature for evidence of RPG effectiveness, in order to identify the most appropriate therapeutic contexts for its use. Methods: A review of the literature through the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, Pedro, and Medscape. The keywords used for the search in the databases are: Rééducation Posturale Globale, Souchard, Posture, and Manual Therapy. The following clinical studies were selected: randomized controlled studies, non-randomized controlled studies, observation studies, and case reports, in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian. Results: Out of 18 studies found, 9 were analyzed: 2 randomized controlled studies, 2 non-randomized controlled studies, 3 non-controlled studies, and 2 case reports. Conclusions: The RPG method has been shown to be an effective treatment technique for musculoskeletal diseases, in particular for ankylosing spondylitis, acute and chronic low back pain, and lumbar discherniation. Although the scarcity of rigorous experimental trials on a large scale does not allow the drawing of undisputable conclusions, the results gathered up to now are an encouragement to carry on research in the field of conservative treatment

GIUSEPPE VALADIER E IL RITORNO ALLA SIMMETRIA MARTINIANA Restauri storici alla fortezza di San Leo

La ricerca, condotta in diversi archivi, illustra il singolare progetto di restauro elaborato da Giuseppe Valadier per la fortezza di San Leo. Esso rappresenta un'anticipazione, maturata nell'ambiente colto romano dell'epoca, della disciplina e fondata sulla presa di coscienza del manufatto architettonico

Vitamin E in viral inactivated vaccines

This research aimed at verifying whether vitamin E added to inactivated and emulsified vaccines enhances the immune response to viral antigens in chicken. Three hundred and twenty broilers (males and females) and 16 types of vaccines, varying in viral antigen [Newcastle disease virus, egg drop syndrome 1976 virus (EDS76V), and infectious bursal disease virus] and vitamin E amount (replacing 10, 20, and 30% of mineral oil) were used. Results show that vaccines with vitamin E, especially when it replaces 20 or 30% of mineral oil, induces a more rapid and higher antibody response than control vaccines. An adjuvant effect of vitamin E was also present in viral vaccine lacking bacterial antigens. Apart from vitamin E content, the Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus monovalent vaccines induced higher titers of specific circulating antibodies in birds than did trivalent vaccines

Manual Therapy for Non-Specific Thoracic Pain in adults - Review of the Literature

Objective: The aims of this work are to evaluate the validity and reliability of manual assessment and treatment, and the effectiveness of manual therapy for non-specific adult thoracic pain. Data sources: Review of the literature. Databases consulted: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, and the Cochrane Library. Study selection: Articles were selected if they concerned the thoracic spine and rib cage, and outcome measures were within the scope of manual therapy practice. Data extraction: Studies about diagnostic tests were excluded if the study population was less than 10 subjects, and Cohen\u2019s Kappa scores or Pearson\u2019s Correlation Coefficients or Intraclass Correlation Coefficients were not calculated. Studies about treatment were excluded if the PEDro score was less than 4/10. Data synthesis: Studies concerning physical examination procedures have shown a good intrarater, but poor interrater reliability. Studies of the mechanical effects of manipulation have given discordant results, while those on the clinical effects of manipulation have given positive results. Conclusions: Procedures of physical examination did not show sufficient interexaminer reliability. Manipulative treatment seems to be clinically effective, but whether manual treatment is more effective than non-treatment, other treatments or placebo, cannot be established

Conservative treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – A Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a debated topic. While there are many clinical studies concerning the efficacy of surgical treatment, there are few regarding conservative treatment. Whether or not conservative treatment is effective and which the best treatment is has not been established yet. AIMS: (a) To evaluate the efficacy of conservative treatment in TOS with particular reference to physiotherapy, orthotics, and taping; (b) to make general recommendations for conservative treatment. METHODS: The literature was reviewed. Medical databases consulted: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Current Awareness, Pedro, Cochrane Library, Medscape. We used the following key words: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Double Crush Syndrome, Entrapment, Conservative, Treatment, Rehabilitation, Management. Languages of the articles reviewed: English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese. RESULTS: This analysis focussed on ten studies of conservative treatment and three studies comparing the outcomes of conservative and surgical treatment, published from 1983 to 2001. This review found no randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative treatment seems to be effective in reducing symptoms, improving function, and facilitating return to work, also when compared to surgery. Whether or not conservative treatment is better than no treatment or placebo could not be established, nor could which particular conservative treatment is the best

La Rieducazione Posturale Globale nelle patologie muscolo-scheletriche: evidenze scientifiche e indicazioni cliniche (R\ue9\ue9ducation Posturale Globale in musculoskeletal diseases: scientific evidence and clinical practice)

SUMMARY Several studies on the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases with physiotherapy and clinical experiences on the basis of a method called R\ue9\ue9ducation Posturale Globale (RPG), have highlighted the usefulness of this treatment. Although such treatment technique is commonly used in physical therapy practice, only few studies support its therapeutic effectiveness. Objective: To search the literature for evidence of RPG effectiveness, in order to identify the most appropriate therapeutic contexts for its use. Methods: A review of the literature through the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, Pedro, and Medscape. The keywords used for the search in the databases are: R\ue9\ue9ducation Posturale Globale, Souchard, Posture, and Manual Therapy. The following clinical studies were selected: randomized controlled studies, non-randomized controlled studies, observation studies, and case reports, in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian. Results: Out of 18 studies found, 9 were analyzed: 2 randomized controlled studies, 2 non-randomized controlled studies, 3 non-controlled studies, and 2 case reports. Conclusions: The RPG method has been shown to be an effective treatment technique for musculoskeletal diseases, in particular for ankylosing spondylitis, acute and chronic low back pain, and lumbar discherniation. Although the scarcity of rigorous experimental trials on a large scale does not allow the drawing of undisputable conclusions, the results gathered up to now are an encouragement to carry on research in the field of conservative treatment