The effect of joule heating, thermal radiation on the MHD convective Heat and Mass Transfer flow of a variable electrically conducting micro polar fluid.

The magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) and effect of Joule heating, thermal radiation, chemical reaction and dissipation on the convective heat and mass transfer flow of a micro polar fluid past a stretching sheet with variable electric conductivity in the presence of a magnetic field. The non-linear equations governing the flow, heat and mass transfer have been solved numerically by employing fourth order Runge – Kutta shooting method. Results are obtained for a range of Eckert number (Ec), magnetic, Joule heating, micro rotation parameter, heat source parameter, thermal radiation parameter and chemical reaction parameter. The sheet is assumed to be non-isothermal with prescribed heat flux varying with length. Keywords: Joule heating, magnetic field, micro polar fluid, stretching sheet

Effect of Non-Linear Density Variation on Non-Darcy Convective Heat and Mass Transfer with Newtonian Cooling

We investigate the effect of Non-linear density temperature relation on convective heat and mass transfer flow past stretching sheet with Soret and Dufour effects. The Non-linear coupled governing equations have been solved by fourth –order Runge-Kutta method. The velocity, temperature and concentration, skin friction and rate of heat and mass transfer have been discussed for different parametric variations.  We observed that an increase in the density ration γ reduces the velocity, temperature and concentration. Keywords: Heat and Mass transfer, Non-linear temperature relation, Chemical Reaction, Soret and Dufour Effects, Heat sources

Soret and Dufour Effects on Mixed Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Flow in a Rectangular Duct with Heat Generating Sources

In this paper we investigated the combined influence of dissipation, heat sources, Soret and Dufour effects on the convective heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous fluid through porous medium in a rectangular cavity using Darcy model. Making use of the incompressibility the governing non-linear coupled equations for the momentum, energy and diffusion are derived in terms of the non-dimensional stream function, temperature and concentration. The Galerkin finite element analysis with linear triangular elements is used to obtain the Global stiffness matrices for the values of stream function, temperature and concentration. These coupled matrices are solved using iterative procedure and expressions for the stream function, temperature and concentration are obtained as linear combinations of the shape functions. The behaviour of temperature, concentration, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are discussed computationally for different values of the non-dimensional governing parameters. Keywords: Soret and Dufour effects, heat sources, rectangular duct, finite element analysis

Effect of Dissipation, Thermal Radiation, Radiation Absorption on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Flow in a Non-Uniformly Heated Vertical Channel

We analyze the effect of thermal radiation on mixed convective heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous, electrically conducting incompressible fluid through a porous medium in a vertical channel bounded by flat walls. A non-uniform temperature is imposed on the walls and the concentration on these walls is taken to be constant. Assuming the slope δ of the boundary temperature to be small, we solve the governing equations by a perturbation technique. The velocity, the temperature, the concentration, the rate of heat and mass transfer has been analyzed for different variations of the governing parameters. The dissipative effects on the flow, heat and mass transfer are clearly brought out. Keywords: Non-uniform temperature, Porous medium, Thermal Radiation, Radiation Absorption, Dissipatio

Radiation and Chemical Reaction Effects on MHD Thermosolutal Nanofluid Flow over a Vertical Plate in Porous Medium

In this study we discussed the influence of radiation and chemical reaction on MHD thermosolutal nanofluid convective slip flow over a vertical plate in porous medium in presence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. The governing boundary layer partial differential equations are transformed into system of ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and then solved numerically using bvp5c Matlab package. The effects of dimensionless governing parameters on the flow, heat and mass transfer was discussed and presented through graphs. Also, the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are computed and discussed. Results indicate that an increase in chemical reaction parameter enhances the mass transfer rate. Keywords: MHD, Radiation, Chemical Reaction, Nanofluid, Convection

Dual Solutions for MHD Stagnation-point Flow of a Nanofluid Over a Stretching Surface with Induced Magneticfield

Present study deals with the buoyancy-driven MHD mixed convection stagnation-point flow, heat and mass transfer of a nanofluid over a non-isothermal stretching sheet in presence of induced magneticfield, radiation, chemical reaction, suction/injection and heat source/sink. The basic governing partial differential equations are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformation. The resulting system is solved numerically by bvp5c Matlab package. Numerical results are validated by comparing with the published results. The influence of non-dimensional governing parameters on velocity, induced magneticfield, temperature and concentration profiles along with coefficient of skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and presented with the help of graphs and tables. Comparisons are made with the existed studies. Results indicate that dual solutions exists only for certain range of suction/ injection parameter and injection parameter have tendency to enhance the momentum, thermal and concentration boundary layer thickness

Influence of Aligned Magneticfield on the Flow through Vertical Surface in Porous Medium with Heat Source

In this paper we analyzed the influence of aligned magneticfiled, radiation and chemical reaction on the flow through vertical surface in porous medium in presence of heat source. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations and solved numerically by using Shooting technique with Matlab Package. The effects of non-dimensional governing parameters on the flow, heat and mass transfer are discussed and presented with the help of graphs. Also, coefficient of skin friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and presented through tables. Comparisons of the results with the existed studies were presented. Present results have an excellent agreement with the existed studies under some special conditions. Keywords: Radiation, Aligned magneticfiled, Chemical reaction, Heat source, Dissipation

Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction Effects on MHD 3D Casson Fluid Flow in Porous Medium

In this study, we analyzed the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on three-dimensional MHD Casson fluid flow over a stretching surface in the presence of chemical reaction. The transformed governing equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta based shooting technique. The influence of non-dimensional parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles along with the friction factor, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. It is found that an increase in the nonlinear thermal radiation parameter enhances the temperature profiles of the flow.  Chemical reaction parameter have tendency to enhance the mass transfer rate. Keywords: MHD, Casson fluid, Radiation, Chemical Reaction, Dissipation

Evaluation of various methods of susceptibility to ofloxacin in strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A comparison of three methods of susceptibility testing was undertaken on 30 susceptible and 25 resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to determine an acceptable in vitro definition of resistance of ofloxacin. The strains were tested by the proportion method on Lowenstein Jensen (L-J) and 7H11 media and also by the BACTEC radiometric method. Using a criterion of 1 per cent or more growth at a concentration of 2 mg/1, there was a 100 per cent agreement with the conventional MIC method by the proportion tests on L-J as well as on 7H11 media. The BACTEC radiometric method, at the same concentration, yielded 98 per cent agreement. Thus, any of these methods could be used depending upon the infrastructure available

Humoral Immune Response in Tuberculous Pleuritis

Tuberculous pleuritis is a good human model to understand the local and protective immune response against tuberculosis, due to the self-limitedness of the disease. Although the cellular immune response has been well characterised in tuberculous pleurisy, much less is known about the humoral immune response operating at the site of infection. To understand the humoral immune response, B cells were enumerated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC) of tuberculous (TP) and non-tuberculous pleuritis patients (NTP). The levels of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies for PPD, culture filtrate (CF) and sonicate antigens (Son Ag) were assessed in plasma (BL) and pleural fluid (PF) and a western blot was carried out with the CF antigen. The percentage of CD19+B-cells was similar in PBMC and PFMC of TP patients but was significantly lower in PFMCs of NTP patients. The IgG levels for PPD and CF antigens were higher in PF of TP than NTP patients. The antigen recognition patterns did not differ in plasma and pleural fluid of the same patient in both groups pointing out the passive diffusion of the plasma to the pleura. The antigens 25, 31, 33, 70, 110, 124 and 132 kDa were recognized exclusively by the TP patients. Thus our study showed that the local humoral response in TP did not differ from the systemic response. However, the humoral response differed in TP patients when compared to NTP patients