The Noncommutative Doplicher-Fredenhagen-Roberts-Amorim Space

This work is an effort in order to compose a pedestrian review of the recently elaborated Doplicher, Fredenhagen, Roberts and Amorim (DFRA) noncommutative (NC) space which is a minimal extension of the DFR space. In this DRFA space, the object of noncommutativity ($\theta^{\mu\nu}$) is a variable of the NC system and has a canonical conjugate momentum. The DFRA formalism is constructed in an extended space-time with independent degrees of freedom associated with the object of noncommutativity $\theta^{\mu\nu}$. A consistent algebra involving the enlarged set of canonical operators is described, which permits one to construct theories that are dynamically invariant under the action of the rotation group. A consistent classical mechanics formulation is analyzed in such a way that, under quantization, it furnishes a NC quantum theory with interesting results. The Dirac formalism for constrained Hamiltonian systems is considered and the object of noncommutativity $\theta^{ij}$ plays a fundamental role as an independent quantity. It is also explained about the generalized Dirac equation issue, that the fermionic field depends not only on the ordinary coordinates but on $\theta^{\mu\nu}$ as well. The dynamical symmetry content of such fermionic theory is discussed, and we show that its action is invariant under ${\cal P}'$. In the last part of this work we analyze the complex scalar fields using this new framework. As said above, in a first quantized formalism, $\theta^{\mu\nu}$ and its canonical momentum $\pi_{\mu\nu}$ are seen as operators living in some Hilbert space. In a second quantized formalism perspective, we show an explicit form for the extended Poincar\'e generators and the same algebra is generated via generalized Heisenberg relations. We also consider a source term and construct the general solution for the complex scalar fields using the Green function technique

Analysis of Rhizophora Racemosa L Plant Business among Rural Dwellers in Southern Nigeria

The study was designed to identify the constraints to Rhizophora Racemosa business among rural dwellers in Southern Nigeria. Sub objectives were to; identify the socio-economic characteristics of traders; ascertain influence of socio economic characteristics and growth of the business and determine the constraints to the business. Structured copies of questionnaire and interview schedule were utilized to elicit information from a sample of sixty (60) respondents. Collected primary data were analyzed using descriptive statistics regression and factor analysis. Results  revealed that elder people above the reproductive age (40%), illiterates (63.6%) and  females (78.2%) dominated the business. There was a direct significant relationship between growth of Rhizophora racemosa and age (t=2.14), education (t=2.07), income (t=2.01) and years of experience (t=2.02).  The processing efficiency of the production of 5 baskets was 1.79 which indicated a profitable business. Identified constraints include, lack of funds and absence of government support also affected the profitability of the business. It was concluded that government  support  in form of loans would increase the level of production. Keywords: Constraints, Rhizophora racemosa, business, rural dweller

Assessment of Budgetary Allocation to Agricultural Sector and its effect on Agricultural Output in Rivers State, Nigeria (1999-2010)

This research focused on the assessment of budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector and it effect on agricultural output in Rivers state, between (1999-2010).  The research only utilized secondary data generated by the Rivers state government of Nigeria through the ministry of agriculture.  The objectives of the research was to examine the agricultural output of some selected crops such as cassava, yam, oil palm and plantain, and  to examine the relationship between the budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector and the various output mentioned above as well as investigate the entire budgetary allocation to agricultural sector for a period of 12 years. Simple regression, percentages, and tables, were used as analytical techniques. The coefficient of determination,[R2] showed a very poor relationship between budgetary allocation to agricultural sector and output, meaning R2, was not significant for the four different equations. This is because allocation to agricultural sector was miss-applied. Keywords:          Budget, Allocation, Agricultural Outpu

The Effect of Temperature on the Clarification of Apple (MALUS DOMESTICA) Juice with Pecinase obtained from ASPERGILLUS NIGER

Aspergillus niger is a saprophytic fungus existing ubiquitously in the soil and on decaying vegetation. Various researchers have reported Aspergillus niger as frequently responsible for postharvest decay of fresh fruits such as apples, pears, grapes, melons, onions and some vegetables. The fungus has been implicated in the deterioration of apple fruits with the production of Pectinolytic enzymes during the breakdown of the plant cell wall by microbial attack. The three varieties of apple (Malus domestica) fruits used for this work are commonly referred to as Red, Green and Yellow varieties from their physical appearance. The fruits were obtained from a grocery store along Idiroko road, Ota, Ogun State in Nigeria. The fruits were disinfected and inoculated with a 72-h-old culture of A. niger. Control fruits were inoculated with sterile inoculum. The fruits were incubated at room temperature of 27oC for twelve days. Extracts from the inoculated fruits exhibited appreciable polygalacturonase activity while those from the uninoculated fruits possessed only traces of the enzyme activity. The enzyme obtained from the deteriorated fruits and commercially produced pectinase were applied for the clarification of freshly ripe apple fruits under controlled experimental conditions at different temperatures (20oC, 25oC, 30oC, 35oC, 40oC and 45oC) to investigate the role of pectinase in the clarification of apple juice. The temperature of incubation had different effects on the three varieties of apple fruits studied. The volume of juice was more in the cylinders with the enzyme clarification at all temperatures than that with water. The optimum temperature was at 25oC for the three varieties green and red apples. The commercial pectinase produced more juice than the crude pectinase

Compressive Inverse Scattering II. SISO Measurements with Born scatterers

Inverse scattering methods capable of compressive imaging are proposed and analyzed. The methods employ randomly and repeatedly (multiple-shot) the single-input-single-output (SISO) measurements in which the probe frequencies, the incident and the sampling directions are related in a precise way and are capable of recovering exactly scatterers of sufficiently low sparsity. For point targets, various sampling techniques are proposed to transform the scattering matrix into the random Fourier matrix. The results for point targets are then extended to the case of localized extended targets by interpolating from grid points. In particular, an explicit error bound is derived for the piece-wise constant interpolation which is shown to be a practical way of discretizing localized extended targets and enabling the compressed sensing techniques. For distributed extended targets, the Littlewood-Paley basis is used in analysis. A specially designed sampling scheme then transforms the scattering matrix into a block-diagonal matrix with each block being the random Fourier matrix corresponding to one of the multiple dyadic scales of the extended target. In other words by the Littlewood-Paley basis and the proposed sampling scheme the different dyadic scales of the target are decoupled and therefore can be reconstructed scale-by-scale by the proposed method. Moreover, with probes of any single frequency \om the coefficients in the Littlewood-Paley expansion for scales up to \om/(2\pi) can be exactly recovered.Comment: Add a new section (Section 3) on localized extended target

Analysis of Skill Acquisition Programmes (SAP) on Employment Opportunities in Rural Rivers State

The study analyzed skill acquisition programmes (SAP) on employment opportunities among rural people in Rivers State. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 100 respondents. Multistage sampling technique was employed. Four institutions involved in SAP were purposively selected while 80 beneficiaries and 20 managerial/administrative staff of the institutions were randomly selected. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that the four institutions carried out activities/skills in carpentry, computer training, fashion design, welding, GSM repairs, barbing /hair saloon, hat making, soap making and tie and dye. All(100%)the persons that enrolled with RSSDA and NDDC graduated at the end of the programme while Elf (95%) and NAOC(90%) graduated at the end of the programme. Furthermore, the study revealed that 23% of the beneficiaries areself-employed, 19% were employed by government, 14% were employed by private sector and 45% still see their selves as unemployed. The factors militating against SAP were beneficiaries went into SAP because they needed money ( =3.10), lack of interest in the skills ( =2.90), lack of electricity to continue the skill ( =2.80), beneficiaries sell their starter packs ( =3.10), lack of store/place to start the business ( =2.90) and government not admitting the right individuals into the programme ( =3.10). It was therefore recommended thatleaders in the study area should allow the programme to be independent. They should allow the coordinators or organizationsto recruit the candidates themselves. Keywords: Skill Acquisition Programmes, Employment Opportunities, Rura