Strategi Pengembangan USAha Agrowisata di Kebun Benih Hortikultura, Tohudan, Colomadu, Karanganyar

: The purpose of the research are to know the revenue in one year, knowing the factors internally and externally which became strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, knowing a good alternative strategies to be formulated and know the priority good strategy to be applied in Kebun Benih Hortikultura Tohudan, Colomadu, Karanganyar. The basic methode of research is a descriptive analysis. Location of research in Kebun Benih Hortikultura Tohudan, Colomadu, Karanganyar. The data used are primary and secondary data. The analysis of the data used are (1) Revenue analysis, (2) Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), (3) External Factor Evaluation (EFE), (4) SWOT, (5) QSPM. The result showed that income received by Kebun Benih Hortikultura Tohudan, Colomadu, Karanganyar in one year is Rp 65.766.000,00. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) showed the garden have six strengths and nine weaknesses. External Factor Evaluation (EFE) showed the garden have six opportunities and five threats. SWOT analysis showed the alternatives strategies that can be applied are utilize advances in technology information to promoting and marketing, building a relationship of cooperation with the investor, expand marketing production result and improve the situation of the garden to make it more interesting. QSPM showed a good strategy priorities to be applied is improve the situation of the garden to make it more interesting

Structure Lattice-Dimensionality and Spectroscopic Property Correlations in Novel Binary and Ternary Materials of Group 13 Elements with α‑Hydroxycarboxylic Benzilic Acid and Phenanthroline

To probe and understand the structural and coordinative flexibility of Group 13 ions with α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, leading to crystalline inorganic–organic hybrid materials with distinct lattice architecture, dimensionality, and spectroscopic properties, the systematic synthesis and physicochemical properties of binary and ternary B­(III), Al­(III), Ga­(III), In­(III), and Tl­(I)-benzilic acid-(phenanthroline) systems were investigated in water–alcohol mixtures. Stoichiometric reactions of Group 13 ions with benzilic acid and phenanthroline (phen) afforded the new materials [B­(C₁₄H₁₀O₃)₂]­(C₃H₅N₂)­·H₂O (<b>1</b>), [Al­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₃]­·0.5C₂H₅OH­·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), [Ga­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₃]­·CH₃OH­·3H₂O (<b>3</b>), [In­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₄]­·C₃H₅N₂­·C₂H₅OH­·H₂O (<b>4</b>), [Tl­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)]_<i>n</i> (<b>5</b>), [Tl₂(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₂­(phen)₂] (<b>6</b>), and [Tl­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)­(phen)­(H₂O)]­(C₁₄H₁₂O₃)­(phen) (<b>7</b>). All materials were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹³C, ¹¹B, ²⁷Al, ⁷¹Ga, and ²⁰⁵Tl cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, luminescence, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The nature of the benzilate ligand and phenanthroline in the chemical reaction mixtures with Group 13 ions led to the emergence of distinct lattice composition-dimensionality (1D-2D) correlations at the binary-ternary level, providing spectroscopic fingerprint identity to M­(I,III)-coordination and luminescence activity. The interplay between the benzilate ligand, phenanthroline, and Group 13 ions, (a) reveals well-defined contributions of the chemical and structural factors influencing the arising binary and ternary interactions at the M­(I) and M­(III) oxidation levels, and (b) clarifies correlations between crystal-lattice architecture and dimensionality with unique heteronuclear solid-state NMR and optical property signatures in inorganic–organic hybrid materials

Structure Lattice-Dimensionality and Spectroscopic Property Correlations in Novel Binary and Ternary Materials of Group 13 Elements with α‑Hydroxycarboxylic Benzilic Acid and Phenanthroline

To probe and understand the structural and coordinative flexibility of Group 13 ions with α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, leading to crystalline inorganic–organic hybrid materials with distinct lattice architecture, dimensionality, and spectroscopic properties, the systematic synthesis and physicochemical properties of binary and ternary B­(III), Al­(III), Ga­(III), In­(III), and Tl­(I)-benzilic acid-(phenanthroline) systems were investigated in water–alcohol mixtures. Stoichiometric reactions of Group 13 ions with benzilic acid and phenanthroline (phen) afforded the new materials [B­(C₁₄H₁₀O₃)₂]­(C₃H₅N₂)­·H₂O (<b>1</b>), [Al­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₃]­·0.5C₂H₅OH­·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), [Ga­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₃]­·CH₃OH­·3H₂O (<b>3</b>), [In­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₄]­·C₃H₅N₂­·C₂H₅OH­·H₂O (<b>4</b>), [Tl­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)]_<i>n</i> (<b>5</b>), [Tl₂(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₂­(phen)₂] (<b>6</b>), and [Tl­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)­(phen)­(H₂O)]­(C₁₄H₁₂O₃)­(phen) (<b>7</b>). All materials were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹³C, ¹¹B, ²⁷Al, ⁷¹Ga, and ²⁰⁵Tl cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, luminescence, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The nature of the benzilate ligand and phenanthroline in the chemical reaction mixtures with Group 13 ions led to the emergence of distinct lattice composition-dimensionality (1D-2D) correlations at the binary-ternary level, providing spectroscopic fingerprint identity to M­(I,III)-coordination and luminescence activity. The interplay between the benzilate ligand, phenanthroline, and Group 13 ions, (a) reveals well-defined contributions of the chemical and structural factors influencing the arising binary and ternary interactions at the M­(I) and M­(III) oxidation levels, and (b) clarifies correlations between crystal-lattice architecture and dimensionality with unique heteronuclear solid-state NMR and optical property signatures in inorganic–organic hybrid materials

Aromatic Chelator-Specific Lattice Architecture and Dimensionality in Binary and Ternary Cu(II)-Organophosphonate Materials

Synthetic efforts linked to the design of defined lattice dimensionality and architecture materials in the binary/ternary systems of Cu­(II) with butylene diamine tetra­(methylene phosphonic acid) (H₈BDTMP) and heterocyclic organic chelators (pyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline) led to the isolation of new copper organophosphonate compounds, namely, Na₆[Cu₂(BDTMP)­(H₂O)₄]·[Cu₂(BDTMP)­(H₂O)₄]_0.5·26H₂O (<b>1</b>), [Cu₂(H₄BDTMP)­(py)₄]·2H₂O (<b>2</b>), and [Cu₂(H₄BDTMP)­(phen)₂]_<i>n</i>·6.6<i>n</i>H₂O·1.5<i>n</i>MeOH (<b>3</b>). <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> are the first compounds isolated from the Cu­(II)-BDTMP family of species. They were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, UV–vis), magnetic susceptibility, TGA-DTG, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray crystallography. The lattice in <b>1</b> reveals the presence of discrete dinuclear Cu­(II) units bound to BDTMP^8– and water molecules in a square pyramidal geometry. The molecular lattice of <b>2</b> reveals the presence of ternary dinuclear assemblies of Cu­(II) ions bound to H₄BDTMP^4– and pyridine in a square pyramidal environment. The molecular lattice of <b>3</b> reveals the presence of dinuclear assemblies of Cu­(II) ions bound to H₄BDTMP^4– and 1,10-phenanthroline in a square pyramidal environment, with the organophosphonate ligand serving as the connecting link to abutting dinuclear Cu­(II) assemblies in a ternary polymeric system. The magnetic susceptibility data on <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>3</b> suggest that compounds <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> exhibit a stronger antiferromagnetic behavior than <b>2</b>, which is also confirmed from magnetization measurements. The physicochemical profiles of <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> (a) earmark the influence of the versatile H₈BDTMP ligand as a metal ion binder on the chemical reactivity in binary and ternary systems of Cu­(II) in aqueous and nonaqueous media and (b) denote the correlation of ligand hydrophilicity, aromaticity, denticity, charge, and H-bonding interactions with emerging defined Cu­(II)–H₈BDTMP structures of distinct lattice identity and spectroscopic-magnetic properties. Collectively, such structural and chemical factors formulate the interplay and contribution of binary and ternary interactions to lattice architecture and specified properties of new Cu­(II)–organophosphonate materials with defined 2D–3D dimensionality

Structure Lattice-Dimensionality and Spectroscopic Property Correlations in Novel Binary and Ternary Materials of Group 13 Elements with α‑Hydroxycarboxylic Benzilic Acid and Phenanthroline

To probe and understand the structural and coordinative flexibility of Group 13 ions with α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, leading to crystalline inorganic–organic hybrid materials with distinct lattice architecture, dimensionality, and spectroscopic properties, the systematic synthesis and physicochemical properties of binary and ternary B­(III), Al­(III), Ga­(III), In­(III), and Tl­(I)-benzilic acid-(phenanthroline) systems were investigated in water–alcohol mixtures. Stoichiometric reactions of Group 13 ions with benzilic acid and phenanthroline (phen) afforded the new materials [B­(C₁₄H₁₀O₃)₂]­(C₃H₅N₂)­·H₂O (<b>1</b>), [Al­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₃]­·0.5C₂H₅OH­·4.5H₂O (<b>2</b>), [Ga­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₃]­·CH₃OH­·3H₂O (<b>3</b>), [In­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₄]­·C₃H₅N₂­·C₂H₅OH­·H₂O (<b>4</b>), [Tl­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)]_<i>n</i> (<b>5</b>), [Tl₂(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)₂­(phen)₂] (<b>6</b>), and [Tl­(C₁₄H₁₁O₃)­(phen)­(H₂O)]­(C₁₄H₁₂O₃)­(phen) (<b>7</b>). All materials were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹³C, ¹¹B, ²⁷Al, ⁷¹Ga, and ²⁰⁵Tl cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, luminescence, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The nature of the benzilate ligand and phenanthroline in the chemical reaction mixtures with Group 13 ions led to the emergence of distinct lattice composition-dimensionality (1D-2D) correlations at the binary-ternary level, providing spectroscopic fingerprint identity to M­(I,III)-coordination and luminescence activity. The interplay between the benzilate ligand, phenanthroline, and Group 13 ions, (a) reveals well-defined contributions of the chemical and structural factors influencing the arising binary and ternary interactions at the M­(I) and M­(III) oxidation levels, and (b) clarifies correlations between crystal-lattice architecture and dimensionality with unique heteronuclear solid-state NMR and optical property signatures in inorganic–organic hybrid materials

Binary and Ternary Metal–Organic Hybrid Polymers in Aqueous Lead(II)–Dicarboxylic Acid–(Phen) Systems. The Influence of O- and S‑Ligand Heteroatoms on the Assembly of Distinct Lattice Architecture, Dimensionality, and Spectroscopic Properties

Poised to understand the influence of O- and S-heteroatoms on the chemical reactivity of dicarboxylic acids toward Pb­(II), leading to crystalline metal–organic hybrid materials with distinct lattice architecture, dimensionality, and spectroscopic properties, the synthesis and physicochemical properties of binary/ternary Pb­(II)–(O,S)-dicarboxylic acid–(phenanthroline) systems was investigated in aqueous media. pH-specific hydrothermal reactions of Pb­(II) with O- and S-dicarboxylic acid ligands and phenanthroline (phen) afforded the variable dimensionality metal–organic Pb­(II) polymers [Pb₃(oda)₃]_<i>n</i> (<b>1</b>), [Pb­(phen)­(oda)]_<i>n</i> (<b>2</b>), [Pb­(tda)]_<i>n</i> (<b>3</b>), and [Pb­(phen)­(tda)]_<i>n</i> (<b>4</b>). The choice of O- vs S-ligands in the aqueous systems of Pb­(II) and phenanthroline is linked to the emergence of distinct lattice composition–dimensionality (2D–3D) changes at the binary and ternary level, bestowing spectroscopic fingerprint identity to Pb­(II) coordination and luminescence activity

Heptanuclear Antiferromagnetic Fe(III)–d‑(-)-Quinato Assemblies with an <i>S</i> = 3/2 Ground StatepH-Specific Synthetic Chemistry, Spectroscopic, Structural, and Magnetic Susceptibility Studies

Iron is an essential metal ion with numerous roles in biological systems and advanced abiotic materials. d-(-)-Quinic acid is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M­(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. In an effort to comprehend the chemical reactivity of well-defined forms of Fe­(III)/Fe­(II) toward α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, pH-specific reactions of: (a) [Fe₃O­(CH₃COO)₆(H₂O)₃]·(NO₃)·4H₂O with d-(-)-quinic acid in a molar ratio 1:3 at pH 2.5 and (b) Mohr’s salt with d-(-)-quinic acid in a molar ratio 1:3 at pH 7.5, respectively, led to the isolation of the first two heptanuclear Fe­(III)–quinato complexes, [Fe₇O₃(OH)₃(C₇H₁₀O₆)₆]·20.5H₂O (<b>1</b>) and (NH₄)­[Fe₇(OH)₆(C₇H₁₀O₆)₆]·(SO₄)₂·18H₂O (<b>2</b>). Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic (UV–vis, FT-IR, EPR, and Mössbauer) techniques, CV, TGA-DTG, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The X-ray structures of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> reveal heptanuclear assemblies of six Fe­(III) ions bound by six doubly deprotonated quinates and one Fe­(III) ion bound by oxido- and hydroxido-bridges (<b>1</b>), and hydroxido-bridges (<b>2</b>), all in an octahedral fashion. Mössbauer spectroscopy on <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> suggests the presence of Fe­(III) ions in an all-oxygen environment. EPR measurements indicate that <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> retain their structure in solution, while magnetic measurements reveal an overall antiferromagnetic behavior with a ground state <i>S</i> = 3/2. The collective physicochemical properties of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> suggest that the (a) nature of the ligand, (b) precursor form of iron, (c) pH, and (d) molecular stoichiometry are key factors influencing the chemical reactivity of the binary Fe­(II,III)-hydroxy­carboxylato systems, their aqueous speciation, and ultimately through variably emerging hydrogen bonding interactions, the assembly of multinuclear Fe­(III)–hydroxy­carboxylato clusters with distinct lattice architectures of specific dimensionality (2D–3D) and magnetic signature

Heptanuclear Antiferromagnetic Fe(III)–d‑(-)-Quinato Assemblies with an <i>S</i> = 3/2 Ground StatepH-Specific Synthetic Chemistry, Spectroscopic, Structural, and Magnetic Susceptibility Studies

Iron is an essential metal ion with numerous roles in biological systems and advanced abiotic materials. d-(-)-Quinic acid is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M­(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. In an effort to comprehend the chemical reactivity of well-defined forms of Fe­(III)/Fe­(II) toward α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, pH-specific reactions of: (a) [Fe₃O­(CH₃COO)₆(H₂O)₃]·(NO₃)·4H₂O with d-(-)-quinic acid in a molar ratio 1:3 at pH 2.5 and (b) Mohr’s salt with d-(-)-quinic acid in a molar ratio 1:3 at pH 7.5, respectively, led to the isolation of the first two heptanuclear Fe­(III)–quinato complexes, [Fe₇O₃(OH)₃(C₇H₁₀O₆)₆]·20.5H₂O (<b>1</b>) and (NH₄)­[Fe₇(OH)₆(C₇H₁₀O₆)₆]·(SO₄)₂·18H₂O (<b>2</b>). Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic (UV–vis, FT-IR, EPR, and Mössbauer) techniques, CV, TGA-DTG, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The X-ray structures of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> reveal heptanuclear assemblies of six Fe­(III) ions bound by six doubly deprotonated quinates and one Fe­(III) ion bound by oxido- and hydroxido-bridges (<b>1</b>), and hydroxido-bridges (<b>2</b>), all in an octahedral fashion. Mössbauer spectroscopy on <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> suggests the presence of Fe­(III) ions in an all-oxygen environment. EPR measurements indicate that <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> retain their structure in solution, while magnetic measurements reveal an overall antiferromagnetic behavior with a ground state <i>S</i> = 3/2. The collective physicochemical properties of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> suggest that the (a) nature of the ligand, (b) precursor form of iron, (c) pH, and (d) molecular stoichiometry are key factors influencing the chemical reactivity of the binary Fe­(II,III)-hydroxy­carboxylato systems, their aqueous speciation, and ultimately through variably emerging hydrogen bonding interactions, the assembly of multinuclear Fe­(III)–hydroxy­carboxylato clusters with distinct lattice architectures of specific dimensionality (2D–3D) and magnetic signature

Heptanuclear Antiferromagnetic Fe(III)–d‑(-)-Quinato Assemblies with an <i>S</i> = 3/2 Ground StatepH-Specific Synthetic Chemistry, Spectroscopic, Structural, and Magnetic Susceptibility Studies

Iron is an essential metal ion with numerous roles in biological systems and advanced abiotic materials. d-(-)-Quinic acid is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M­(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. In an effort to comprehend the chemical reactivity of well-defined forms of Fe­(III)/Fe­(II) toward α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, pH-specific reactions of: (a) [Fe₃O­(CH₃COO)₆(H₂O)₃]·(NO₃)·4H₂O with d-(-)-quinic acid in a molar ratio 1:3 at pH 2.5 and (b) Mohr’s salt with d-(-)-quinic acid in a molar ratio 1:3 at pH 7.5, respectively, led to the isolation of the first two heptanuclear Fe­(III)–quinato complexes, [Fe₇O₃(OH)₃(C₇H₁₀O₆)₆]·20.5H₂O (<b>1</b>) and (NH₄)­[Fe₇(OH)₆(C₇H₁₀O₆)₆]·(SO₄)₂·18H₂O (<b>2</b>). Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic (UV–vis, FT-IR, EPR, and Mössbauer) techniques, CV, TGA-DTG, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The X-ray structures of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> reveal heptanuclear assemblies of six Fe­(III) ions bound by six doubly deprotonated quinates and one Fe­(III) ion bound by oxido- and hydroxido-bridges (<b>1</b>), and hydroxido-bridges (<b>2</b>), all in an octahedral fashion. Mössbauer spectroscopy on <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> suggests the presence of Fe­(III) ions in an all-oxygen environment. EPR measurements indicate that <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> retain their structure in solution, while magnetic measurements reveal an overall antiferromagnetic behavior with a ground state <i>S</i> = 3/2. The collective physicochemical properties of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> suggest that the (a) nature of the ligand, (b) precursor form of iron, (c) pH, and (d) molecular stoichiometry are key factors influencing the chemical reactivity of the binary Fe­(II,III)-hydroxy­carboxylato systems, their aqueous speciation, and ultimately through variably emerging hydrogen bonding interactions, the assembly of multinuclear Fe­(III)–hydroxy­carboxylato clusters with distinct lattice architectures of specific dimensionality (2D–3D) and magnetic signature

Heptanuclear Antiferromagnetic Fe(III)–d‑(-)-Quinato Assemblies with an <i>S</i> = 3/2 Ground StatepH-Specific Synthetic Chemistry, Spectroscopic, Structural, and Magnetic Susceptibility Studies

Iron is an essential metal ion with numerous roles in biological systems and advanced abiotic materials. d-(-)-Quinic acid is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M­(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. In an effort to comprehend the chemical reactivity of well-defined forms of Fe­(III)/Fe­(II) toward α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, pH-specific reactions of: (a) [Fe₃O­(CH₃COO)₆(H₂O)₃]·(NO₃)·4H₂O with d-(-)-quinic acid in a molar ratio 1:3 at pH 2.5 and (b) Mohr’s salt with d-(-)-quinic acid in a molar ratio 1:3 at pH 7.5, respectively, led to the isolation of the first two heptanuclear Fe­(III)–quinato complexes, [Fe₇O₃(OH)₃(C₇H₁₀O₆)₆]·20.5H₂O (<b>1</b>) and (NH₄)­[Fe₇(OH)₆(C₇H₁₀O₆)₆]·(SO₄)₂·18H₂O (<b>2</b>). Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic (UV–vis, FT-IR, EPR, and Mössbauer) techniques, CV, TGA-DTG, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The X-ray structures of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> reveal heptanuclear assemblies of six Fe­(III) ions bound by six doubly deprotonated quinates and one Fe­(III) ion bound by oxido- and hydroxido-bridges (<b>1</b>), and hydroxido-bridges (<b>2</b>), all in an octahedral fashion. Mössbauer spectroscopy on <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> suggests the presence of Fe­(III) ions in an all-oxygen environment. EPR measurements indicate that <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> retain their structure in solution, while magnetic measurements reveal an overall antiferromagnetic behavior with a ground state <i>S</i> = 3/2. The collective physicochemical properties of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> suggest that the (a) nature of the ligand, (b) precursor form of iron, (c) pH, and (d) molecular stoichiometry are key factors influencing the chemical reactivity of the binary Fe­(II,III)-hydroxy­carboxylato systems, their aqueous speciation, and ultimately through variably emerging hydrogen bonding interactions, the assembly of multinuclear Fe­(III)–hydroxy­carboxylato clusters with distinct lattice architectures of specific dimensionality (2D–3D) and magnetic signature