Instability of free interfaces in premixed flame propagation

In this survey, we are interested in the instability of flame fronts regarded as free interfaces. We successively consider a classical Arrhenius kinetics (thin flame) and a stepwise ignition-tempera ture kinetics (thick flame) with two free interfaces. A general method initially developed for thin flame problems subject to interface jump conditions is proving to be an effective strategy for smoother thick flame systems. It relies on the elimination of the free interface(s) and reduction to a fully nonlinear parabolic problem. The theory of analytic semigroups is a key tool to study the linearized operators

Physiological Responses to Acute Silver Exposure in the Freshwater Crayfish (\u3cem\u3eCambarus diogenes diogenes\u3c/em\u3e)—A Model Invertebrate?

Adult crayfish (Cambarus diogenes diogenes) exposed to 8.41 ± 0.17 μg silver/L (19.4% as Ag+) in moderately hard freshwater under flow-through conditions for 96 h exhibited ionoregulatory disturbance, elevated metabolic ammonia (Tamm) production and substantial silver accumulation in the gills, hemolymph, and hepatopancreas. The ionoregulatory disturbance included both a generally reduced unidirectional Na1 influx and an increased unidirectional Na+ efflux, leading to a substantial net loss of Na+ from the silver-exposed crayfish. The Na+ uptake in silver-exposed crayfish differed overall from controls, while the increased Na+ efflux recovered to control values 48 h into the 96 h of exposure. The general inhibition of Na+ uptake could be explained by a reduced sodium/potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) activity in terminally obtained gill samples from the silver exposed crayfish. The silver-induced effect on Na+ uptake and loss translated to reduced hemolymph Na+ concentrations but not significantly reduced hemolymph Cl- concentrations. Hemolymph Tamm and Tamm efflux both increased in silver-exposed crayfish, indicating an increased metabolic Tamm production. The present study demonstrates that the toxic mechanism of waterborne silver exposure in freshwater crayfish resembles that of freshwater teleost fish. The crayfish might therefore be a useful model system for extending current environmental regulatory strategies, currently based on teleost fish, to invertebrates

Instabilities in a combustion model with two free interfaces

We study in a strip of R2 a combustion model of flame propagation with stepwise temperature kinetics and zero-order reaction, characterized by two free interfaces, respectively the ignition and the trailing fronts. The latter interface presents an additional difficulty because the non-degeneracy condition is not met. We turn the system to a fully nonlinear problem which is thoroughly investigated. When the width ℓ of the strip is sufficiently large, we prove the existence of a critical value Lec of the Lewis number Le, such that the one-dimensional, planar, solution is unstable for

Desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas de corte expostas a diferentes métodos de bioestimulação.

Nota breve

Magneto-optics of massive Dirac fermions in bulk Bi2Se3

We report on magneto-optical studies of Bi2Se3, a representative member of the 3D topological insulator family. Its electronic states in bulk are shown to be well described by a simple Dirac-type Hamiltonian for massive particles with only two parameters: the fundamental bandgap and the band velocity. In a magnetic field, this model implies a unique property - spin splitting equal to twice the cyclotron energy: Es = 2Ec. This explains the extensive magneto-transport studies concluding a fortuitous degeneracy of the spin and orbital split Landau levels in this material. The Es = 2Ec match differentiates the massive Dirac electrons in bulk Bi2Se3 from those in quantum electrodynamics, for which Es = Ec always holds.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures and Supplementary materials, to be published in Physical Review Letter

Electron-impact ionization of atomic hydrogen at 2 eV above threshold

The convergent close-coupling method is applied to the calculation of fully differential cross sections for ionization of atomic hydrogen by 15.6 eV electrons. We find that even at this low energy the method is able to yield predictive results with small uncertainty. As a consequence we suspect that the experimental normalization at this energy is approximately a factor of two too high.Comment: 10 page

Double photo-ionization of He near a polarizable surface

We calculate the differential cross-section of the direct double photo-ionization of He physisorbed on a polarizable surface. By including the influence of the surface potential in the correlated two-electron final state wavefunction, we show that the differential cross-section carries detailed information on the electronic correlations at the surface. In particular, photo-emission along opposite directions, which is prohibited in the free space, is allowed if the surface potential is long-ranged.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. B - Rapid Comm. - 4 pages, 2 PostScript figures embedde

100,000 lumens to treat seasonal affective disorder: a proof of concept RCT of Bright, whole-ROom, All-Day (BROAD) light therapy

Background: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is common and debilitating. The standard of care includes light therapy provided by a light box; however, this treatment is restrictive and only moderately effective. Advances in LED technology enable lighting solutions that emit vastly more light than traditional light boxes. Here, we assess the feasibility of BROAD (Bright, whole-ROom, All-Day) light therapy and get a first estimate for its potential effectiveness. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to a treatment for 4 weeks; either a very brightly illuminated room in their home for at least 6 h per day (BROAD light therapy) or 30 min in front of a standard 10,000 lux SAD light box. Feasibility was assessed by monitoring recruitment, adherence, and side effects. SAD symptoms were measured at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks, with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-Seasonal Affective Disorders 29-items, self-report version. Results: All 62 patients who started treatment were available at 4-week follow-up and no significant adverse effects were reported. SAD symptoms of both groups improved similarly and considerably, in line with previous results. Exploratory analyses indicate that a higher illuminance (lux) is associated with a larger symptom improvement in the BROAD light therapy group. Conclusions: BROAD light therapy is feasible and seems similarly effective as the standard of care while not confining the participants to 30 min in front of a light box. In follow-up trials, BROAD light therapy could be modified for increased illuminance, which would likely improve its effectiveness

Produção de leite e desempenho pós parto de vacas Hereford em distintas condições reprodutivas criadas extensivamente

A produção de leite e o desempenho pós parto de 52 vacas multíparas Hereford em condição corporal média (3 em escala de 1 a 5), gestantes (45) e não gestantes (24), em condições extensivas, foram estudados, em 69 lactações, durante dois anos (2000 e 2001). A estimativa da produção de leite foi realizada em seis intervalos (3 de 21 d e 3 de 42 d), do nascimento à desmama (189d), por meio da técnica da pesagem do terneiro antes e após a mamada. Os fatores fixos foram ano, prenhez, sexo do terneiro e raça do touro (Hereford e Nelore). A produção de leite diária, do pico de lactação, total e a persistência da lactação, não foram influenciadas pelos fatores estudados (P>0,05). O peso ao parto foi maior (P0,05) dos demais fatores avaliados. O peso vivo na concepção (99 d média), e à desmama, foi maior nas vacas gestantes (432,10 ± 5,78 e 433,30 ± 6,36kg) que nas não gestantes 399,37 ± 7,92 e 393,46 ± 8,70kg), respectivamente. O sexo dos terneiros teve efeito significativo (P<0,05) sobre peso ao nascer (41,75 ± 1,21 e 37,6 ± 1,13kg, para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente). No peso à desmama, todos os fatores demonstraram efeito (P<0,05) e os terneiros das vacas gestantes (194,22 ± 3,41kg) foram mais pesados que das vazias (177,43 ± 4,67kg). Em vacas de corte com produção de leite e condição corporal similar, do parto à desmama, o melhor desempenho das gestantes, em peso vivo e peso do terneiro à desmama demonstra que, provavelmente, uma melhor adaptação ao sistema tenha sido responsável pela fertilidade pós-parto