13,700 research outputs found
Shor's quantum factoring algorithm on a photonic chip
Shor's quantum factoring algorithm finds the prime factors of a large number
exponentially faster than any other known method a task that lies at the heart
of modern information security, particularly on the internet. This algorithm
requires a quantum computer a device which harnesses the `massive parallelism'
afforded by quantum superposition and entanglement of quantum bits (or qubits).
We report the demonstration of a compiled version of Shor's algorithm on an
integrated waveguide silica-on-silicon chip that guides four single-photon
qubits through the computation to factor 15.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figur
Improving clerkship preparedness: a hospital medicine elective for pre-clerkship students.
BackgroundMedical students often struggle to apply their nascent clinical skills in clerkships. While transitional clerkships can orient students to new roles and logistics, students may benefit from developing clinical skills in inpatient environments earlier in their curriculum to improve readiness for clerkships.InterventionOur four- to six-session elective provides pre-clerkship students with individualized learning in the inpatient setting with the aim of improving clerkship preparedness. Students work one-on-one with faculty who facilitate individualized learning through mentoring, deliberate practice, and directed feedback. Second-year medical students are placed on an attending-only, traditionally 'non-teaching' service in the hospital medicine division of a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital for half-day sessions. Most students self-select into the elective following a class-wide advertisement. The elective also accepts students who are referred for remediation of their clinical skills.OutcomeIn the elective's first two years, 25 students participated and 47 students were waitlisted. We compared participant and waitlisted (non-participant) students' self-efficacy in several clinical and professional domains during their first clerkship. Elective participants reported significantly higher clerkship preparedness compared to non-participants in the areas of physical exam, oral presentation, and formulation of assessments and plans.ConclusionsStudents found the one-on-one feedback and personalized attention from attending physicians to be a particularly useful aspect of the course. This frequently cited benefit points to students' perceived needs and the value they place on individualized feedback. Our innovation harnesses an untapped resource - the hospital medicine 'non-teaching' service - and serves as an attainable option for schools interested in enhancing early clinical skill-building for all students, including those recommended for remediation.AbbreviationsA&P: Assessment and plan; H&P: History and physical; ILP: Individual learning plan
The entanglement beam splitter: a quantum-dot spin in a double-sided optical microcavity
We propose an entanglement beam splitter (EBS) using a quantum-dot spin in a
double-sided optical microcavity. In contrast to the conventional optical beam
splitter, the EBS can directly split a photon-spin product state into two
constituent entangled states via transmission and reflection with high fidelity
and high efficiency (up to 100 percent). This device is based on giant optical
circular birefringence induced by a single spin as a result of cavity quantum
electrodynamics and the spin selection rule of trion transition (Pauli
blocking). The EBS is robust and it is immune to the fine structure splitting
in a realistic quantum dot. This quantum device can be used for
deterministically creating photon-spin, photon-photon and spin-spin
entanglement as well as a single-shot quantum non-demolition measurement of a
single spin. Therefore, the EBS can find wide applications in quantum
information science and technology.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
The causes and consequences of nursing shortages: a helicopter view of the research.
In Australia, as in most industrialised countries, there is an acute shortage of registered nurses. While there are numerous research reports emanating from Canada, the United States and Great Britain that provide insight into reasons for this shortage, little comparable work has been undertaken in Australia. This paper presents an overview of the complex interlinking set of factors which cause or are the consequences of nursing shortages including lifestyle preferences, workforce composition, quality of work life and workload and the impact of organisational change and altered management practices. It is important that managers in Australian health care settings understand these issues in order to work towards developing sustainable solutions for retention
Quantum-enhanced phase estimation using optical spin squeezing
Quantum metrology enables estimation of optical phase shifts with precision
beyond the shot-noise limit. One way to exceed this limit is to use squeezed
states, where the quantum noise of one observable is reduced at the expense of
increased quantum noise for its complementary partner. Because shot-noise
limits the phase sensitivity of all classical states, reduced noise in the
average value for the observable being measured allows for improved phase
sensitivity. However, additional phase sensitivity can be achieved using phase
estimation strategies that account for the full distribution of measurement
outcomes. Here we experimentally investigate the phase sensitivity of a
five-particle optical spin-squeezed state generated by photon subtraction from
a parametric downconversion photon source. The Fisher information for all
photon-number outcomes shows it is possible to obtain a quantum advantage of
1.58 compared to the shot-noise limit, even though due to experimental
imperfection, the average noise for the relevant spin-observable does not
achieve sub-shot-noise precision. Our demonstration implies improved
performance of spin squeezing for applications to quantum metrology.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Boson Sampling from Gaussian States
We pose a generalized Boson Sampling problem. Strong evidence exists that
such a problem becomes intractable on a classical computer as a function of the
number of Bosons. We describe a quantum optical processor that can solve this
problem efficiently based on Gaussian input states, a linear optical network
and non-adaptive photon counting measurements. All the elements required to
build such a processor currently exist. The demonstration of such a device
would provide the first empirical evidence that quantum computers can indeed
outperform classical computers and could lead to applications
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