Equilibrium of Land Values from Agricultural and General Economic Factors for Cropland and Pasture Capitalization in Georgia

Nonagricultural factors impact land values to cause a divergence of discounted cash rents for agricultural land and land values in Georgia. General economic factors are represented by per capita income in nonmetro areas. Cash rents for cropland and pasture have positive impacts on land values. Nonagricultural factors are stronger influences on land values than are cash rents. Greater effective demand exists for pasture than for cropland because pasture is subject to relatively more pricing pressure in northern counties with higher incomes and population. Increased land values have led to increased net wealth for Georgia agricultural producers.capitalization, cash rent, cointegration, equilibrium, error correction mechanism, land values, Land Economics/Use,

Reliable teleportation in trapped ions

We study a method for the implementation of a reliable teleportation protocol (theoretically, 100% of success) of internal states in trapped ions. The generation of the quantum channel (any of four Bell states) may be done respecting technical limitations on individual addressing and without claiming the Lamb-Dicke regime. An adequate Bell analyzer, that transforms unitarily the Bell basis into a completely disentangled one, is considered. Probable sources of error and fidelity estimations of the teleportation process are studied. Finally, we discuss experimental issues, proposing a scenario in which the present scheme could be implemented.Comment: 8 Latex pages with five (ps,eps) figures included (EPJ style also included). Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal

COMPARING LAND VALUES AND CAPITALIZATION OF CASH RENTS FOR CROPLAND AND PASTURE IN GEORGIA

Nonagricultural factors impact land values to cause a divergence of discounted cash rents for agricultural land and land values. Focus is given to the portion of land values attributable to discounted cash rents. Unique characteristics for cropland and pasture lead to differences in capitalization rates. Nonagricultural factors are greatest for pasture. Keywords: land values, cash rents, capitalization, discounted cash rents, cropland, pastureland values, cash rents, capitalization, discounted cash rents, cropland, pasture, Land Economics/Use,

Instability statistics and mixing rates

We claim that looking at probability distributions of \emph{finite time} largest Lyapunov exponents, and more precisely studying their large deviation properties, yields an extremely powerful technique to get quantitative estimates of polynomial decay rates of time correlations and Poincar\'e recurrences in the -quite delicate- case of dynamical systems with weak chaotic properties.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Transcriptional regulatory networks controlling woolliness in peach in response to preharvest gibberellin application and cold storage

BACKGROUND: Postharvest fruit conservation relies on low temperatures and manipulations of hormone metabolism to maintain sensory properties. Peaches are susceptible to chilling injuries, such as ‘woolliness’ that is caused by juice loss leading to a ‘wooly’ fruit texture. Application of gibberellic acid at the initial stages of pit hardening impairs woolliness incidence, however the mechanisms controlling the response remain unknown. We have employed genome wide transcriptional profiling to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid application and cold storage on harvested peaches. RESULTS: Approximately half of the investigated genes exhibited significant differential expression in response to the treatments. Cellular and developmental process gene ontologies were overrepresented among the differentially regulated genes, whereas sequences in cell death and immune response categories were underrepresented. Gene set enrichment demonstrated a predominant role of cold storage in repressing the transcription of genes associated to cell wall metabolism. In contrast, genes involved in hormone responses exhibited a more complex transcriptional response, indicating an extensive network of crosstalk between hormone signaling and low temperatures. Time course transcriptional analyses demonstrate the large contribution of gene expression regulation on the biochemical changes leading to woolliness in peach. CONCLUSION: Overall, our results provide insights on the mechanisms controlling the complex phenotypes associated to postharvest textural changes in peach and suggest that hormone mediated reprogramming previous to pit hardening affects the onset of chilling injuries. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0659-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Economics of Organic Blueberry Establishment in Georgia

Crop Production/Industries,

Proton cyclotron wave generation mechanisms upstream of Venus

[1] Long-term observations of proton cyclotron waves in the upstream region of Venus raise the question of under which general solar wind conditions these waves are generated and maintained. The waves are characterized by their occurrence at the local proton cyclotron frequency and left-hand polarization, both in the spacecraft frame. Magnetometer data of the Venus Express spacecraft for two Venus years of observations are analyzed before, during, and after the occurrence of these waves. The configuration of the upstream magnetic field and the solar wind velocity is investigated, to study if the waves are generated from a ring distribution of pickup ions in velocity space or from a parallel pickup ion beam, i.e., for quasi-parallel conditions of solar wind velocity and magnetic field when the solar wind motional electric field is weak. It is found that stable and mainly quasi-parallel magnetic field conditions for up to ∼20 min prior to wave observation are present, enabling sufficient ion pickup and wave growth to obtain observable waves in the magnetometer data. Persistent waves occur mainly under quasi-parallel conditions. This is in agreement with linear theory, which predicts efficient wave growth for instabilities driven by field-aligned planetary ion beams, already for low pickup ion density. The occurrence of highly coherent waves at 4 RV upstream toward the Sun implies that planetary neutral hydrogen is initially picked up at least 5 RV toward the Sun from a sufficiently dense Venus hydrogen exosphere.Fil: Delva, M.. Austrian Academy of Sciences; AustriaFil: Mazelle, C.. Universitá Paul Sabatier; FranciaFil: Bertucci, Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Volwerk, M.. Austrian Academy of Sciences; AustriaFil: Vörös, Z.. University of Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Zhang, T. L.. Austrian Academy of Sciences; Austri