Evaluation of prescribing pattern of drugs use in patients of coronary artery disease at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause responsible for mortality more in younger age group than in elderly. Studies have reported underuse of four evidence based medicines namely aspirin, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and statins in patients with CAD, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, this study was planned to analyse the prescriptions of patients with CAD to determine the appropriateness of the prescriptions.Methods: After obtaining the Institutional ethics committee permission, a cross sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Total 150 patients were enrolled from the outpatient department, wards and intensive care unit of medicine department. Total 150 patients’ prescriptions presenting with varied category of CAD were screened and analysed.Results: The most common categories of CAD encountered was ST segment elevated myocardial infarction (N=50, 33%) followed by chronic stable angina (N=29, 20%). Among the drugs prescribed, antiplatelet drugs were prescribed to 135 (90%), hypolipidemics to 134 (89%), nitrates to 114 (76%), beta blockers to 97 (65%), ACE inhibitors to 94 (64%), anticoagulants to 60 (40%) and miscellaneous drugs to 52 (35%), patients. Of 68 (45%) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 15 (22%) were prescribed only metoprolol and others were given ACE-I or ARBs.Conclusions: Among four evidence based drugs, use of 3 drugs, antiplatelets, beta blockers and hypolipidemics was apparent in 90% of prescriptions. Use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs was observed in type 2 diabetic patients with CAD, reflecting rational prescribing behavior of clinicians

Heavy Flavour Baryons in Hyper Central Model

Heavy flavor baryons containing single and double charm (beauty) quarks with light flavor combinations are studied using the hyper central description of the three-body problem. The confinement potential is assumed as hyper central coulomb plus power potential with power index $\upsilon$. The ground state masses of the heavy flavor, $J^P={1/2}^+$ and ${3/2}^+$ baryons are computed for different power index, $\nu$ starting from 0.5 to 2.0. The predicted masses are found to attain a saturated value in each case of quark combinations beyond the power index $\nu=1.0$.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Erasing Quantum Distinguishability via Single-Mode Filtering

Erasing quantum-mechanical distinguishability is of fundamental interest and also of practical importance, particularly in subject areas related to quantum information processing. We demonstrate a method applicable to optical systems in which single-mode filtering is used with only linear optical instruments to achieve quantum indistinguishability. Through "heralded" Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiments we measure and quantify the improvement of indistinguishability between single photons generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing in optical fibers. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with predictions of a quantum-multimode theory we develop for such systems, without the need for any fitting parameter.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

High Power Thermoelectrically Cooled and Uncooled Quantum Cascade Lasers With Optimized Reflectivity Facet Coatings

We present a method of preserving the device wall-plug efficiency by adjusting mirror losses with facet coatings for longer cavity quantum cascade lasers. An experimental study of output power and wall-plug efficiency as functions of mirror losses was performed by varying the front facet coating reflectivity with a high-reflectivity-coated rear facet. The use of optimized reflectivity coatings on 7-mm-long chips resulted in continuous-wave output power of 2.9 W at 293 K for thermoelectrically cooled devices mounted on AlN submounts and average and continuous-wave output power in excess of 1 W for uncooled devices emitting at 4.6 µm.Engineering and Applied Science

3 W Continuous-Wave Room Temperature Single-Facet Emission From Quantum Cascade Lasers Based On Nonresonant Extraction Design Approach

A strain-balanced, InP-based quantum cascade laser structure, designed for light emission at 4.6 $\mu$m using a new nonresonant extraction design approach, was grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Removal of the restrictive two-phonon resonant condition, currently used in most structure designs, allows simultaneous optimization of several design parameters influencing laser performance. Following the growth, the structure was processed in buried heterostructure. Maximum single-ended continuous-wave optical power of 3 W was obtained at 293 K for devices with stripe dimensions of 5 mm 11.6 $\mu$m. Corresponding maximum wallplug efficiency and threshold current density were measured to be 12.7% and 0.86 kA/cm$^{2}$.Physic

Scalability and cost-effectiveness analysis of whole genome-wide association studies on Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services

Objective Advancements in human genomics have generated a surge of available data, fueling the growth and accessibility of databases for more comprehensive, in-depth genetic studies. Methods We provide a straightforward and innovative methodology to optimize cloud configuration in order to conduct genome-wide association studies. We utilized Spark clusters on both Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services, as well as Hail (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2646680) for analysis and exploration of genomic variants dataset. Results Comparative evaluation of numerous cloud-based cluster configurations demonstrate a successful and unprecedented compromise between speed and cost for performing genome-wide association studies on 4 distinct whole-genome sequencing datasets. Results are consistent across the 2 cloud providers and could be highly useful for accelerating research in genetics. Conclusions We present a timely piece for one of the most frequently asked questions when moving to the cloud: what is the trade-off between speed and cost

District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Lalitpur

Baseline surveys in 15 districts of Uttar Pradesh were conducted as part of the USAID-assisted State lnnovations in Family Planning Services project. This effort helps create databases at the district level, an essential prerequisite for decentralized planning and strategy development. The Baseline Surveys in Uttar Pradesh (BSUP) were undertaken as part of the innovations in Family Planning Services Project, which aimed to reduce the fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh. The specific objectives of the project were to increase access to family planning (FP) services, improve quality of FP services, and promote contraceptive use. The Population Council has been designated as the nodal organization to coordinate various activities and to provide necessary technical assistance for the consulting organizations involved in BSUP. The Centre for Population and Development Studies, Hyderabad, was the selected consulting organization for the BSUP in Lalitpur District. As stated in this report, general objectives are to provide a baseline against which the effectiveness and success of district-level project activities can be assessed in the future and provide background data at the district level that will assist in the design of appropriate and innovative service-delivery strategies

District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Jhansi

Baseline surveys in 15 districts of Uttar Pradesh were conducted as part of the USAID-assisted State Innovations in Family Planning Services project. This effort helps create databases at the district level, an essential prerequisite for decentralized planning and strategy development. The Baseline Surveys in Uttar Pradesh (BSUP) were undertaken as part of the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project to reduce the fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh. The project’s objectives were to increase access to family planning (FP) services, improve quality of FP services, and promote contraceptive use. The Population Council was designated as the nodal organization to coordinate various activities and provide technical assistance for the consulting organizations involved in BSUP. The Centre for Population and Development Studies, Hyderabad, was the selected consulting organization for the BSUP in Jhansi district. As stated in this report, general objectives are to provide a baseline against which the effectiveness and success of district-level project activities can be assessed in the future and provide background data at the district level that will assist in the design of appropriate and innovative service-delivery strategies

Fluctuations of water near extended hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces

We use molecular dynamics simulations of the SPC-E model of liquid water to derive probability distributions for water density fluctuations in probe volumes of different shapes and sizes, both in the bulk as well as near hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. To obtain our results, we introduce a biased sampling of coarse-grained densities, which in turn biases the actual solvent density. The technique is easily combined with molecular dynamics integration algorithms. Our principal result is that the probability for density fluctuations of water near a hydrophobic surface, with or without surface-water attractions, is akin to density fluctuations at the water-vapor interface. Specifically, the probability of density depletion near the surface is significantly larger than that in bulk. In contrast, we find that the statistics of water density fluctuations near a model hydrophilic surface are similar to that in the bulk