Normalisation and stigmatisation of obesity in UK newspapers: a visual content analysis

Obesity represents a major and growing global public health concern. The mass media play an important role in shaping public understandings of health, and obesity attracts much media coverage. This study offers the first content analysis of photographs illustrating UK newspaper articles about obesity. The researchers studied 119 articles and images from five major national newspapers. Researchers coded the manifest content of each image and article and used a graphical scale to estimate the body size of each image subject. Data were analysed with regard to the concepts of the normalisation and stigmatisation of obesity. Articles’ descriptions of subjects’ body sizes were often found to differ from coders’ estimates, and subjects described as obese tended to represent the higher values of the obese BMI range, differing from the distribution of BMI values of obese adults in the UK. Researchers identified a tendency for image subjects described as overweight or obese to be depicted in stereotypical ways that could reinforce stigma. These findings are interpreted as illustrations of how newspaper portrayals of obesity may contribute to societal normalisation and the stigmatisation of obesity, two forces that threaten to harm obese individuals and undermine public health efforts to reverse trends in obesity

Taber Vibration Isolator for Vacuum and Cryogenic Applications

We present a procedure for the design and construction of a passive, multipole, mechanical high-stop vibration isolator. The isolator, consisting of a stack of metal disks connected by thin wires, attenuates frequencies in the kilohertz range, and is suited to both vacuum and cryogenic environments. We derive an approximate analytical model and compare its predictions for the frequencies of the normal modes to those of a finite element analysis. The analytical model is exact for the modes involving only motion along and rotation about the longitudinal axis, and it gives a good approximate description of the transverse modes. These results show that the high-frequency behavior of a multi-stage isolator is well characterized by the natural frequencies of a single stage. From the single-stage frequency formulae, we derive relationships among the various geometrical parameters of the isolator to guarantee equal attenuation in all degrees of freedom. We then derive expressions for the attenuation attainable with a given isolator length, and find that the most important limiting factor is the elastic limit of the spring wire material. For our application, which requires attenuations of 250 dB at 1 kHz, our model specifies a six-stage design using brass disks of approximately 2 cm in both radius and thickness, connected by 3 cm steel wires of diameters ranging from 25 to 75 microns. We describe the construction of this isolator in detail, and compare measurements of the natural frequencies of a single stage with calculations from the analytical model and the finite element package. For translations along and rotations about the longitudinal axes, all three results are in agreement to within 10% accuracy.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, REVTe

Position location and data collection system and method Patent

Development of telemetry system for position location and data acquisitio

An exploration of the cognitive, physical and psychosocial development of children with Apert syndrome

Apert syndrome is a rare condition, with a birth prevalence of approximately 1 in 65 000. This article provides an up to date review of the literature on Apert syndrome from a variety of perspectives, ranging from surgical management to personal accounts. The purpose of the review is to provide a holistic description of the syndrome which should be of assistance to those interested in understanding the impact of Apert syndrome on children and young people with the syndrome. Children with Apert syndrome are at risk for a range of impairments, disabilities and consequent complex needs which can have implications for their personal development, social inclusion and education. As a consequence, those involved in the care of children and young people with Apert syndrome have the challenging task of balancing the management of surgical interventions alongside the needs of the growing child

Public views on the donation and use of human biological samples in biomedical research: a mixed methods study

Objective A mixed methods study exploring the UK general public's willingness to donate human biosamples (HBSs) for biomedical research.<p></p> Setting Cross-sectional focus groups followed by an online survey.<p></p> Participants Twelve focus groups (81 participants) selectively sampled to reflect a range of demographic groups; 1110 survey responders recruited through a stratified sampling method with quotas set on sex, age, geographical location, socioeconomic group and ethnicity.<p></p> Main outcome measures (1) Identify participants’ willingness to donate HBSs for biomedical research, (2) explore acceptability towards donating different types of HBSs in various settings and (3) explore preferences regarding use and access to HBSs.<p></p> Results 87% of survey participants thought donation of HBSs was important and 75% wanted to be asked to donate in general. Responders who self-reported having some or good knowledge of the medical research process were significantly more likely to want to donate (p<0.001). Reasons why focus group participants saw donation as important included: it was a good way of reciprocating for the medical treatment received; it was an important way of developing drugs and treatments; residual tissue would otherwise go to waste and they or their family members might benefit. The most controversial types of HBSs to donate included: brain post mortem (29% would donate), eyes post mortem (35%), embryos (44%), spare eggs (48%) and sperm (58%). Regarding the use of samples, there were concerns over animal research (34%), research conducted outside the UK (35%), and research conducted by pharmaceutical companies (56%), although education and discussion were found to alleviate such concerns.<p></p> Conclusions There is a high level of public support and willingness to donate HBSs for biomedical research. Underlying concerns exist regarding the use of certain types of HBSs and conditions under which they are used. Improved education and more controlled forms of consent for sensitive samples may mitigate such concerns.<p></p&gt

Including a Review of Reported Cases:

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Development and application of actuarial accounting formulae

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston Universit

Functionalization of pyridines and other azines via phosphorus ligand-coupling reactions

2019 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Nitrogen heterocycles are ubiquitous in pharmaceutical compounds with pyridine being one of the most frequently occurring examples. The discovery and development of new drugs rely heavily on our ability to modify these commonly occurring structures. The functionalization of pyridine has a long history but despite this, there remain some deficiencies in this area of synthesis. Reactions which expand upon the known methodologies are of tremendous value to medicinal chemists who frequently work with pyridines and similar azines. Chapter one will cover the relevance of pyridines in pharmaceuticals and will explain how structural features contribute to their presence in drugs. Conventional and newer methods to functionalize pyridine are also addressed. Chapter two will describe the work of the McNally lab in the development of heterocyclic phosphonium salts as reagents to selectively functionalize pyridines. An application of these salts is as precursors to form C−O bonds from alkoxide nucleophiles. Chapter three presents the development of a strategy to construct bis-heterobiaryls using phosphorus ligand-coupling. This method offers an alternative to the widely used metal-catalyzed approaches which often struggle in the synthesis of bis-heterobiaryls. Lastly, chapter four will expand upon this work showing a new approach to prepare bis-heterobiaryls using heteroaryl halides. This route enables easy access to 2,2'-bipyridines which are difficult to synthesize using conventional methods