Synthesis Of A New And FirstTriazadibenzo[A,N]Triphenodithiazine

A new angular triazadibenzo[a,n]triphenodithiazine is synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The new compound 1,15,17-triazadibenzo[a,n]triphenodithiazine-5,11-dione was obtained by base catalyzed condensation reaction of 2,6-diaminopyridine-3,5-dithiol with 7-chloro-5,8-dioxoquinoline in anhydrous sodium carbonate. 2,6-diaminopyridine-3,5-dithiol was prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dithiacyanopyridine in 40% KOH solution while 7-chloro-5,8-dioxoquinoline was prepared by 4 reaction steps conversion of 8-hydroxyquinoline to 5-amino-7-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline which was subsequently oxidized with acidified potassium dichromate. Keywords: 2,6-Diaminopyridine-3,5-dithiol, 7-Chloro-5,8-dioxoquinoline, anhydrous sodium carbonate, alkaline hydrolysis, condensation reaction

Study of the Effects of Thermal Annealing on the Optical Band Gap of Nanocrystalline CoO Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition.

Nanocrystalline films of cobalt oxide have been prepared on glass slides by chemical bath deposition process. For deposition of CoO thin films, cobaltous chloride [CoCl2.6H2O] was used as cationic and ammonia [NH3] as anionic precursor in aqueous medium. In this process NaOH was used as complexing agent. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic [SEM] analysis have been used to study the films’ crystal structures, optical and solid state properties. We hereby present the effects of thermal annealing on the optical band gap of CoO thin films. The optical transition in the films is direct one. For the as- deposited film, the band gap is 2.1eV. This later decreased to 2.08eV, so that increased thermal annealing reduces the optical band gap of CoO. However,the energy gap cannot be said to be dependent on the annealing temperatures. These films could be used as  photovoltaic cells, sensors light emitting diodes and also in biomedical imaging. Key Words: Nanocrystalline CoO, Chemical Bath Deposition, Band Gap and                               Thermal Annealing

Synthesis, characterization and ab initio study of WO3 nanocubes with peculiar electrochemical properties

Simple sol–gel method has been exploited to deposit Sn-doped TiO2 thin flms on glass substrates. The resultant coatings were characterized by X-ray difraction (XRD), UV–visible techniques (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence analysis (PL). The XRD pattern reveals an increase in crystallite size of the prepared samples with the increasing doping concentration. A decrease in doping concentrating resulted in the decrease in bandgap values. The diferent chemical bonds on these flms were identifed from their FTIR spectra. The photoluminescence analysis shows an increase in the emission peak intensity with increasing dopant concentration, and this can be attributed to the efect created due to surface states. The prepared samples were tested as antibacterial agent toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria like S.aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and E.coli (Escherichia coli), respectively. The size of the inhibition zones indicates that the sample shows maximum inhibitory property toward E.coli when compared to S.aureus

Pseudocapacitive charge storage in thin nanobelts

This article reports that extremely thin nanobelts (thickness ~ 10 nm) exhibit pseudocapacitive (PC) charge storage in the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) configuration, while show battery-type charge storage in their single electrodes. Two types of nanobelts, viz. NiO–Co3O4 hybrid and spinal-type NiCo2O4, developed by electrospinning technique are used in this work. The charge storage behaviour of the nanobelts is benchmarked against their binary metal oxide nanowires, i.e., NiO and Co3O4, as well as a hybrid of similar chemistry, CuO–Co3O4. The nanobelts have thickness of ~ 10 nm and width ~ 200 nm, whereas the nanowires have diameter of ~ 100 nm. Clear differences in charge storage behaviours are observed in NiO–Co3O4 hybrid nanobelts based ASCs compared to those fabricated using the other materials—the former showed capacitive behaviour whereas the others revealed battery-type discharge behaviour. Origin of pseudocapacitance in nanobelts based ASCs is shown to arise from their nanobelts morphology with thickness less than typical electron diffusion lengths (~ 20 nm). Among all the five type of devices fabricated, the NiO–Co3O4 hybrid ASCs exhibited the highest specific energy, specific power and cycling stability

Effects of Interval Training Programme on Resting Heart Rate in Subjects with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Heart rate (HR) is a determinant of cardiovascular event risk in patient with hypertension. The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of interval training program on HR in black African subjects with hypertension. Methods: Two hundred and forty five male patients with mild to moderate (Systolic Blood Pressure [SBP] between 140-179 & Diastolic Blood Pressure [DBP] between 90¬109 mmHg) essential hypertension were age- matched and grouped into interval and control groups. The interval (work: rest ratio of 1:1) groups involved in an 8-weeks interval training programs of between 45-60 minutes, at intensities of 60-79% of HR max, while the control group remained sedentary during this period. Blood pressure (SBP and DBP), V02max and HR were assessed. Student's t and Pearson correlation tests were used in data analysis. Results: Findings of the study revealed significant effect of exercise training program on HR. Also, changes in V02max negatively correlated with changes in HR (r= -.503) at p<0.05. Conclusion: It was concluded that moderate intensity interval training programs is effective in the non-pharmacological adjunct management of hypertension and may prevent cardiovascular event through the down regulation of HR in hypertension. Keywords: Hypertension; Interval exercise; cardiovascular risk factor; Heart Rat

Anaesthetic Agent Usage and Wastage during Caesarean Deliveries Done with Spinal Anaesthesia in a Labour Ward Theatre: A Concern for the Financial Implication

Background: Local anaesthesia usage and wastage are common in the operation rooms. The wastage is often not given due considerations. Budgetary allocation for drugs is an identifiable area for cost-cutting and savings. Hence, the need to minimize wastageObjectives: To assess and estimate the amount of local anaesthesia usage and wastage in the labour ward theatre. Also, to analyze the financial implications of the wastages and suggest appropriate steps to reduce the wastages.Methodology: A prospective observational study conducted in the labour ward theatre of a tertiary care hospital. The amount of local anaesthesia administered to the patient during spinal anaesthesia prior to caesarean section was considered the dose used. The wastage was considered as the amount of local anaesthetic agents left unutilized in the syringes, ampules or vials after completion of each caesarean delivery. An estimation of the cost of wasted local anaesthetic agents was made.Result: The local anaesthetic agents being used in significant quantities were hyperbaric bupivacaine, plain lidocaine and lidocaine with adrenaline. The wastage was found more during the use of hyperbaric bupivacaine as the cost of its wastage formed the bulk (N75,000.00/ $210.10) of the estimated total cost of wasted local anaesthetic agents during the study period which was N88, 100.00 ($246.77).Conclusion: There were appropriate uses of the local anaesthesia with respect to the choice and doses for caesarean deliveries but there were wastages often ignored as infinitesimal. In the long run, the wastages become significant and the financial implication scale up the burden of health bills. Effective waste reduction strategies have input in the overall reduction of financial burden associated with health care. Emphasis should be t ailored towards awareness of these wastages among resident doctors and their prudent use of local anaesthesia. Key words: Cost, Lignocaine, Waste, Theatre

Advances in bioinspired superhydrophobic surface materials: A review on preparation, characterization and applications

Superhydrophobic surfaces are surfaces which repel water at a certain contact angle (≥150°) and sliding angle (<10°). The surface roughing and modification by low surface energy chemicals like fatty acids and fluoroalkylsilanes are the two important steps to achieve superhydrophobic characteristics of materials. Innovative preparation and characterization techniques of superhydrophobic surfaces are formulated from keen observation and understanding of nature. Water hating surface of plants and different animals motivated several researchers to synthesis innovative materials which have superhydrophobic surface and used for many industrial needs. The materials have a plethora of applications in different areas due to their self-cleaning, low snow adhesion, corrosion resistant and microbial adhesion resistance. The review focused on the synthesis, characterization and application of materials with superhydrophobic surface. The preparation techniques such as sol-gel, solution immersion, spray coating and electrochemical deposition and applications of these materials are well discussed