Use of hormones in doping and cancer risk

Hormones with anabolic properties such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are commonly abused among professional and recreational athletes to enhance physical ability. Despite their adverse effects are well-documented, the use of GH and IGF-1 has recently grown. This article highlights the anabolic activity related to mechanisms of cancer development and progression. GH/IGF-1 axis is able to activate cellular mechanisms that modulate every key stage of cancer formation and progression, such as inhibition of apoptosis, resistance to treatments, and induction of angiogenesis, metastatic process and cell proliferation. Results from pre-clinical studies and epidemiological observations in patients with an excess of GH and IGF-1 production or treated with these hormones showed a positive association with the risk to develop several types of cancer. In conclusion, athletes should be made aware that long-term treatment with doping agents might increase the risk of developing cancer, especially if associated with other licit or illicit drugs and/or high-protein diet

Cáncer de la laringe

La laringe y la faringe, órganos y perfectamente individualizados por su anatomía y fisiología, son solidarios en una parte de su extensión y funciones: de allí la importancia de su estudio simultáne, especialmente para el caso de los tumores malignos que, a poco de evolucionar invaden con facilidad los dominios vecinos

Prevenzione in movimento 1: Infanzia

Si prendono in esame i rapporti tra attivit\ue0 fisica e sviluppo funzionale nell\u2019infanzia, i sistemi di sorveglianza nazionali sulle abitudini alimentari e attivit\ue0 fisica e le strategie di promozione dell\u2019attivit\ue0 motoria, sulla base delle evidenze scientifiche e delle linee guida nazionali e internazionali

[World Health Organization document "Water safety in buildings": Italian translation].

A working group of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health (SItI) has translated into Italian the World Health Organization (WHO) guidance document "Water safety in buildings" published in 2011. The document is intended to provide guidance on implementing the WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality. In the present article, the authors describe the framework of the WHO document and summarize the main points discusse