The blaSHV-5 gene is encoded in a compound transposon duplicated in tandem in Enterobacter cloacae

AbstractThe presence of blaSHV-5 is described in a compound transposon, duplicated in tandem and flanked by IS26 copies on a 70-kb conjugative plasmid (pHNM1), in an Enterobacter cloacae strain associated with a nosocomial outbreak that occurred in Mexico

Análisis de la capa límite atmosférica nocturna durante la campaña experimental CIBA 2008

Ponencia presentada en: XXXI Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XI Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Sevilla, del 1 al 3 de marzo de 2010.En el mes de junio de 2008 se desarrolló una campaña de medidas en la Capa Límite Atmosférica en el CIBA (Centro de Investigación de la Baja Atmósfera), que se encuentra sobre un extenso páramo de la meseta norte (41º49’ N, 4º56’ W) de características de terreno homogéneo. Se dispuso de instrumentación en una nueva torre meteorológica de 10m, que incluye en varios niveles sensores de temperatura y humedad, anemómetros de cazoletas y veletas, así como un anemómetro sónico. También se dispuso de dos microbarómetros con tecnología de cuarzo en los niveles de 50 y 100m en la torre principal del CIBA (de 100m). Además, tres microbarómetros adicionales se situaron en una disposición triangular de unos 200m de lado en la superficie. Por otra parte, se utilizó un globo cautivo para la determinación de perfiles verticales de temperatura y viento hasta 1000 m de altura. Finalmente, un monitor de partículas GRIMM (MODELO 365), que permite la medida simultánea y continúa de la concentración de partículas materiales de diferentes tamaños (PM10, PM2.5 y PM1) cada 6 segundos, se instaló a 1.5m del suelo. Este trabajo muestra algunos resultados preliminares de la campaña CIBA2008, a partir del análisis de los principales procesos físicos presentes en la Capa Límite Nocturna (NBL), de los diferentes periodos de estabilidad observados y de los correspondientes parámetros turbulentos, así como de las estructuras coherentes detectadas. Las perturbaciones de presión medidas en los diferentes microbarómetros permiten estudiar los principales parámetros ondulatorios a través de transformadas wavelet, y comparar dichas estructuras con las detectadas en los registros de viento y de partículas.Proyectos CGL2006-12474-C03-03 y CGL2009- 12797-C03-03 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Grupos de Investigación (Micrometeorología y Variabilidad Climática: 910437) financiados por el Banco Santander y la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Financiación Grupos UCM-BSCH GR58/08)

Rootstock effects on scion gene expression in maritime pine

Pines are the dominant conifers in Mediterranean forests. As long-lived sessile organisms that seasonally have to cope with drought periods, they have developed a variety of adaptive responses. However, during last decades, highly intense and long-lasting drought events could have contributed to decay and mortality of the most susceptible trees. Among conifer species, Pinus pinaster Ait. shows remarkable ability to adapt to different environments. Previous molecular analysis of a full-sib family designed to study drought response led us to find active transcriptional activity of stress-responding genes even without water deprivation in tolerant genotypes. To improve our knowledge about communication between above- and below-ground organs of maritime pine, we have analyzed four graft-type constructions using two siblings as rootstocks and their progenitors, Gal 1056 and Oria 6, as scions. Transcriptomic profiles of needles from both scions were modified by the rootstock they were grafted on. However, the most significant differential gene expression was observed in drought-sensitive Gal 1056, while in drought-tolerant Oria 6, differential gene expression was very much lower. Furthermore, both scions grafted onto drought-tolerant rootstocks showed activation of genes involved in tolerance to abiotic stress, and is most remarkable in Oria 6 grafts where higher accumulation of transcripts involved in phytohormone action, transcriptional regulation, photosynthesis and signaling has been found. Additionally, processes, such as those related to secondary metabolism, were mainly associated with the scion genotype. This study provides pioneering information about rootstock effects on scion gene expression in conifers.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (AGL2015-66048-C2-1-R; RTI2018-098015-B-I00), and by University of Alcalá (UAH-AE 2017-2).Peer reviewe

EuroPineDB: a high-coverage web database for maritime pine transcriptome

Pinus pinaster is an economically and ecologically important species that is becoming a woody gymnosperm model. Its enormous genome size makes whole-genome sequencing approaches are hard to apply. Therefore, the expressed portion of the genome has to be characterised and the results and annotations have to be stored in dedicated databases

Seguimiento de las guías españolas para el manejo del asma por el médico de atención primaria: un estudio observacional ambispectivo

Objetivo Evaluar el grado de seguimiento de las recomendaciones de las versiones de la Guía española para el manejo del asma (GEMA 2009 y 2015) y su repercusión en el control de la enfermedad. Material y métodos Estudio observacional y ambispectivo realizado entre septiembre del 2015 y abril del 2016, en el que participaron 314 médicos de atención primaria y 2.864 pacientes. Resultados Utilizando datos retrospectivos, 81 de los 314 médicos (25, 8% [IC del 95%, 21, 3 a 30, 9]) comunicaron seguir las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2009. Al inicio del estudio, 88 de los 314 médicos (28, 0% [IC del 95%, 23, 4 a 33, 2]) seguían las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015. El tener un asma mal controlada (OR 0, 19, IC del 95%, 0, 13 a 0, 28) y presentar un asma persistente grave al inicio del estudio (OR 0, 20, IC del 95%, 0, 12 a 0, 34) se asociaron negativamente con tener un asma bien controlada al final del seguimiento. Por el contrario, el seguimiento de las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015 se asoció de manera positiva con una mayor posibilidad de que el paciente tuviera un asma bien controlada al final del periodo de seguimiento (OR 1, 70, IC del 95%, 1, 40 a 2, 06). Conclusiones El escaso seguimiento de las guías clínicas para el manejo del asma constituye un problema común entre los médicos de atención primaria. Un seguimiento de estas guías se asocia con un control mejor del asma. Existe la necesidad de actuaciones que puedan mejorar el seguimiento por parte de los médicos de atención primaria de las guías para el manejo del asma. Objective: To assess the degree of compliance with the recommendations of the 2009 and 2015 versions of the Spanish guidelines for managing asthma (Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma [GEMA]) and the effect of this compliance on controlling the disease. Material and methods: We conducted an observational ambispective study between September 2015 and April 2016 in which 314 primary care physicians and 2864 patients participated. Results: Using retrospective data, we found that 81 of the 314 physicians (25.8%; 95% CI 21.3–30.9) stated that they complied with the GEMA2009 recommendations. At the start of the study, 88 of the 314 physicians (28.0%; 95% CI 23.4–33.2) complied with the GEMA2015 recommendations. Poorly controlled asthma (OR, 0.19; 95% CI 0.13–0.28) and persistent severe asthma at the start of the study (OR, 0.20; 95% CI 0.12–0.34) were negatively associated with having well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up. In contrast, compliance with the GEMA2015 recommendations was positively associated with a greater likelihood that the patient would have well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up (OR, 1.70; 95% CI 1.40–2.06). Conclusions: Low compliance with the clinical guidelines for managing asthma is a common problem among primary care physicians. Compliance with these guidelines is associated with better asthma control. Actions need to be taken to improve primary care physician compliance with the asthma management guidelines

The presence of Rhodotorula sp. in Ulmus minor plantlets moderates the response to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in roots of tolerant clones

Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and is one of the most devastating forest diseases of the last century. However, there are some elm genotypes able to tolerate this disease. Although some mechanisms involved in the tolerance have been already characterized, the molecular basis of the tolerance is still unknown. In addition, the role of the tree microbiome in elm tolerance to DED is poorly known. In this work, we aimed to observe the molecular responses of tolerant and susceptible Ulmus minor genotypes after the inoculation of either the pathogen or one endophytic fungus of the genus Rhodotorula which was found to be more abundantly present in tolerant than susceptible genotypes. We worked with 1 month-old plantlets grown in vitro. The roots were submerged in a solution of spores of each fungus and later the plants were grown for a week preserving the sterility. The expression of 7 genes related to local defense responses was analyzed in the roots. Both fungi produced a strong overexpression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis-related protein 4 (PR4) genes. However the pathogen induced a higher response than the endophyte. In a second experiment, we explored the ability of the endophyte to induce resistance in the elm against O. novo-ulmi. Then, a new treatment included the inoculation with Rhodotorula prior to the pathogen inoculation. In comparison with the single inoculation of O. novo-ulmi, the double inoculation showed a reduction of the PAL overexpression in tolerant genotypes, while no effect or increased expression was observed in the susceptible ones. These results suggest a relationship between the tolerance to DED and the association of certain endophytes to some elm genotypes

The presence of Rhodotorula sp. in Ulmus minor plantlets moderates the response to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in roots of tolerant clones

Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and is one of the most devastating forest diseases of the last century. However, there are some elm genotypes able to tolerate this disease. Although some mechanisms involved in the tolerance have been already characterized, the molecular basis of the tolerance is still unknown. In addition, the role of the tree microbiome in elm tolerance to DED is poorly known. In this work, we aimed to observe the molecular responses of tolerant and susceptible Ulmus minor genotypes after the inoculation of either the pathogen or one endophytic fungus of the genus Rhodotorula which was found to be more abundantly present in tolerant than susceptible genotypes. We worked with 1 month-old plantlets grown in vitro. The roots were submerged in a solution of spores of each fungus and later the plants were grown for a week preserving the sterility. The expression of 7 genes related to local defense responses was analyzed in the roots. Both fungi produced a strong overexpression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis-related protein 4 (PR4) genes. However the pathogen induced a higher response than the endophyte. In a second experiment, we explored the ability of the endophyte to induce resistance in the elm against O. novo-ulmi. Then, a new treatment included the inoculation with Rhodotorula prior to the pathogen inoculation. In comparison with the single inoculation of O. novo-ulmi, the double inoculation showed a reduction of the PAL overexpression in tolerant genotypes, while no effect or increased expression was observed in the susceptible ones. These results suggest a relationship between the tolerance to DED and the association of certain endophytes to some elm genotypes