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Abstract:  The Provincial Institute of Alcoholism and Drug Addiction (IPAD) is a monovalent institution that provides treatment to people with problematic substance use. It belongs to the third level of health care involving those cases that cannot be resolved in general hospitals. The present study could contribute to a better understanding of the problem in our environment and the development of future studies and prevention strategies. Objectives: To determine and categorize the prevalence of use of substance according to the type of substance and age group in patients hospitalized in the IPAD in a period of 6 months from September 2019 to March 2020; to describe sociodemographic factors. After signing the informed consent, an interview was conducted based on the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) for sociodemographic factors and a review of medical records to determine the substance for which the patient was being treated. The categorical variables were presented in percentages and were statistically analyzed with the Chi Square test. The results were statistically significant with p less than 0.05. The present work was approved by the CIEIS HNC-FCM. Our sample was of 53 patients. 81.1% were male and 58% manifested incomplete secondary education. Regarding the ages, 49% were between 21-34 years old, 34% between 35-48 years old and 17% ≥49 years old. 51% went to treatment on their own initiative, from a family member or friend, and 40% legally induced. Of the total of patients surveyed, 81% consume alcohol, 75% cocaine and 43% marijuana. According to their medical history, 30% used alcohol, marijuana and cocaine simultaneously; followed by 23% who consumed only alcohol. The patients who consumed only alcohol were around 51 years old, and those who consumed alcohol, cocaine and marijuana were on average 32 years old (p <0.05).  In conclusion, the male sex predominates in the institution; prevailing polydrug use in younger patients and in older patients the use only alcohol. Further studies are suggested in this last group.Resumen:  El Instituto provincial de Alcoholismo y Drogadicción (IPAD) es una institución monovalente que brinda tratamiento a personas con consumo problemático de sustancias. Pertenece al tercer nivel de atención de salud, es decir, asisten aquellos casos que no pueden ser resueltos en centros de salud, dispensarios y hospitales generales. El presente estudio podría contribuir a un mejor conocimiento de la problemática en nuestro medio y así, la elaboración de futuros estudios y estrategias de prevención. Objetivos: Determinar y categorizar la prevalencia del consumo según sustancia y grupo etario en pacientes internados en IPAD en un periodo de 6 meses comprendidos entre septiembre 2019 a marzo 2020; describir los factores sociodemográficos. Posterior a la firma del consentimiento informado, se realizó una entrevista basada en el Índice de severidad de la adicción (ASI) para los factores sociodemográficos  y la revisión de historias clínicas para determinar la sustancia por la que estaba siendo tratado el paciente. Las variables categóricas se presentaron en porcentajes y se analizaron estadísticamente con el test Chi Cuadrado. Los resultados se consideraron significativos con la p menor a 0,05. El presente trabajo fue aprobado por el CIEIS HNC-FCM. Nuestra muestra fue de 53 pacientes. El 81,1% fueron de género masculino y el 58% manifestó secundario incompleto. Respecto a las edades el 49% tenía entre 21-34 años, el 34% entre 35-48 años y el 17% ≥ 49 años. El 51% acudieron al tratamiento por iniciativa suya, de un familiar o amigo, y el 40% de manera legal. Del total de pacientes encuestados, el 81% consume alcohol, 75% consume cocaína y el 43% marihuana. Según la historia clínica, el 30% consumía alcohol, marihuana y cocaína de manera simultánea; seguido del 23% que consumía solo alcohol. Los pacientes que consumían solo alcohol tenían alrededor de los 51 años, y los que consumían alcohol, cocaína y marihuana tenían en promedio 32 años (p <0,05).  En conclusión, predomina el sexo masculino en la institucion;   prevaleciendo el policonsumo en los pacientes más jóvenes y en edades más avanzadas predomina el monopolio etílico. Se sugiere mayores estudios en este último grupo.

Levantamento de rizóbios em adubos verdes cultivados em sistema integrado de produção agroecológica (SIPA).

Adubos verdes e coleta de nódulos. Isolamento e caracterização de bactérias.bitstream/item/81689/1/doc204.pd

Higher education outcomes, graduate employment and university performance indicators

Official employment-related Performance Indicators in UK Higher Education are based on the population of students responding to the First Destination Supplement (FDS). This generates potentially biased performance indicators as this population of students is not necessarily representative of the full population of leavers from each institution. University leavers not obtaining qualifications and those not responding to the FDS are not included within the official analysis. We compare an employment-related performance indicator based on those students responding to the FDS with alternative approaches which address the potential non-random nature of this sub-group of university leavers

The Willingness to Pay for Job Amenities: Evidence from Mothers' Return to Work

This study is the first to estimate mother's marginal willingness to pay (MWP) for job amenities directly. Its identification strategy relies on German maternity leave length. The key aspect of the maternal leave framework is that mothers can decide whether and when to return to their guaranteed job. Thus, in contrast to previous studies that analyze the job search of employed workers, this framework allows us to overcome the limitation of not observing the wage/amenity offer process. A theoretical model of the leave length decision is derived from a random utility approach. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the Qualification and Career Survey, this model is estimated by a discrete duration method. The MWP for amenities can be inferred through the estimated elasticities of the leave length with respect to the amenities and the wage. The results provide evidence that mothers are willing to sacrifice a significant fraction of their wage to reduce hazards (22%) and to enjoy a flexible working schedule (36-56%)