Survival rates and physiological recovery responses in the lesser-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) after bottom-trawling, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A

In 2019, Europe will adopt a no-discards policy in fisheries. This entails the landing of captured species unless strong evidence is provided supporting their survival and recovery after fishing. Thus, research on this topic is gaining momentum. Bottom-trawling, as a non-selective fishing method, is characterized by a high proportion of discards including vulnerable key species, such as demersal sharks. Their survival may also depend on capture depth. By paralleling onboard and laboratory experiments with the small-spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula, we offer a robust experimental design to assess the survival of discarded sharks. Catsharks were captured by bottom-trawling at two depths (shallow ~89 m and deep ~479 m). Blood samples were collected following trawl capture and analyzed for stress biomarkers (lactate, osmolality, phosphate, urea). During recovery in onboard tanks, behavior was video-recorded and fish were re-sampled after 24 h. A second experiment was conducted in laboratory facilities to simulate air-exposure after trawling and to analyze the physiological recovery. Our results showed that 95.7% of the animals survived 24 h after trawling. We confirmed that trawling elicited acute stress responses in catshark but that they managed to recover. This was demonstrated by lactate concentrations that were 2.6 mM upon capture, but recovered to assumed baselines after 24 h (0.2 mM). Non-invasive video monitoring revealed behavioral differences with depth, whereby those captured at 89 m depth required longer to recover than those captured at 479 m depth. Implementation of standardized survival studies by fishery managers can benefit from holistic physiological approaches, such as the one proposed her

Oleinas como materias primas de estólidos para aplicaciones como biolubricantes

4 pages, 4 tables.[EN] This study deals with the synthesis of estolides from high-oleic sunflower oil oleins, and its potential use as viscosity modifiers for biolubricant applications. Synthesis reactions were monitored for 24 h. Estolide molecular weight increased continuously with reaction time. Dynamic viscosities and densities of the different estolides were measured in a temperature range comprised between 10 and 120 °C. Maximum viscosities and estolide molecular weight were obtained after 12 h of reaction. However, the largest viscosity increments were observed within the first 3 hours of processing, due to a dramatic increase in the molecular weight of the estolides.[ES] En este estudio se presenta la síntesis de estólidos a partir de oleinas de girasol alto-oleico y su utilización potencial como modificadores de la viscosidad en aplicaciones como biolubricantes. La reacción de síntesis se controló durante 24h. El peso molecular de los estólidos se incrementa durante todo el periodo de reacción. Las viscosidades dinámicas y densidades de los diferentes estólidos se midieron en un rango de temperatura entre 10 y 120 °C. El máximo de viscosidad y de peso molecular se alcanza al cabo de 12 horas de reacción, sin embargo, el incremento mayor de viscosidad se produce durante las 3 primeras horas de tratamiento debido al importante aumento del peso molecular del estólido.This work was supported by research grants from MCYT (PSE- 320100-2006) and FEDER.Peer reviewe

Physiological recovery after bottom trawling as a method to manage discards: The case study of Nephrops norvegicus and Squilla mantis.

The European Fisheries Policy aims at a progressive elimination of discards. An exception from this regulation includes the release of species with high survival rates after capture. In south-western Atlantic waters of Europe, Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) and spottail mantis shrimp (Squilla mantis) are amongst the most important crustacean species captured by bottom trawling. We evaluated their short-term survival probability, survival rates and recovery capacities after being trawled by an oceanographic vessel. Seasonal differences were considered by sampling in spring and autumn. In order to characterise the full recovery after capture, physiological responses were also analysed along a time-course of 24 h. Our results confirm that bottom trawling is a stressful process to these crustacean species, as seen by changes in plasma and muscle metabolites, hemocyanin and immune system parameters. However, maintaining captured animals in onboard water tanks evidenced the full physiological recovery of survivors after 6 h and before 24 h. Survival in Norway lobster and spottail mantis shrimp varied according to the season, being higher in spring (68.4 � 7.1% and 87.0 � 4.7%, respectively) than in autumn (33.8 � 7.8% and 63.8 � 9.3%, respectively), probably due to the higher temperatures registered after summer months. The employment of the presented techniques for the evaluation of other crustaceans, fishing gears and geographical areas can be contemplated. Fisheries stakeholders might use this approach to better manage discards in Europ