16,384 research outputs found
Nucleosynthesis in Fast Expansions of High-Entropy, Proton Rich Matter
We demonstrate that nucleosynthesis in rapid, high-entropy expansions of
proton-rich matter from high temperature and density can result in a wider
variety of abundance patterns than heretofore appreciated. In particular, such
expansions can produce iron-group nuclides, p-process nuclei, or even heavy,
neutron-rich isotopes. Such diversity arises because the nucleosynthesis enters
a little explored regime in which the free nucleons are not in equilibrium with
the abundant alpha particles. This allows nuclei significantly heavier than
iron to form in t he presence of abundant free nucleons early in the expansion.
As the temperature drops, nucleons increasingly assemble into alpha particles
and heavier nuclei. If the assembly is efficient, the resulting depletion of
free neutrons allows disintegrat ion flows to drive nuclei back down to iron
and nickel. If this assembly is inefficient, then the large abundance of free
nucleons prevents the disintegration flows and leaves a distribution of heavy
nuclei after reaction freezeout. For cases in between, an intermediate
abundance distribution, enriched in p-process isotopes, is frozen out. These
last expansions may contribute to the solar system's supply of the p-process
nuclides if mildly proton-rich, high-entropy matter is ejected from
proto-neutron stars winds or other astrophysical sites. Also sign ificant is
the fact that, because the nucleosynthesis is primary, the signature of this
nucleosyn thesis may be evident in metal poor stars.Comment: 11 pages, 2 tables, 1 figure. Submitted to ApJ Letter
Uptake of nitrate and sulfate on dust aerosols during TRACE-P
Aerosol data collected near Asia on the DC-8 aircraft platform during TRACE-P has been examined for evidence of uptake of NO3− and SO4= on dust surfaces. Data is compared between a sector where dust was predominant and a sector where dust was less of an influence. Coincident with dust were higher mixing ratios of anthropogenic pollutants. HNO3, SO2, and CO were higher in the dust sector than the nondust sector by factors of 2.7, 6.2, and 1.5, respectively. The colocation of dust and pollution sources allowed for the uptake of NO3−and nss-SO4= on the coarse dust aerosols, increasing the mixing ratios of these particulates by factors of 5.7 and 2.6 on average. There was sufficient nss-SO4= to take up all of the NH4+present, with enough excess nss-SO4= to also react with dust CaCO3. This suggests that the enhanced NO3− was not in fine mode NH4NO3. Particulate NO3− (p-NO3−) constituted 54% of the total NO3− (t-NO3−) on average, reaching a maximum of 72% in the dust sector. In the nondust sector, p-NO3− contributed 37% to t-NO3−, likely due to the abundance of sea salts there. In two other sectors where the influence of dust and sea salt were minimal, p-NO3−accounted for \u3c15% of t-NO3−
Dynamic Poisson Factorization
Models for recommender systems use latent factors to explain the preferences
and behaviors of users with respect to a set of items (e.g., movies, books,
academic papers). Typically, the latent factors are assumed to be static and,
given these factors, the observed preferences and behaviors of users are
assumed to be generated without order. These assumptions limit the explorative
and predictive capabilities of such models, since users' interests and item
popularity may evolve over time. To address this, we propose dPF, a dynamic
matrix factorization model based on the recent Poisson factorization model for
recommendations. dPF models the time evolving latent factors with a Kalman
filter and the actions with Poisson distributions. We derive a scalable
variational inference algorithm to infer the latent factors. Finally, we
demonstrate dPF on 10 years of user click data from arXiv.org, one of the
largest repository of scientific papers and a formidable source of information
about the behavior of scientists. Empirically we show performance improvement
over both static and, more recently proposed, dynamic recommendation models. We
also provide a thorough exploration of the inferred posteriors over the latent
variables.Comment: RecSys 201
A Reevaluation of Sexual Dimorphism in the Postcranium of the Chasmosaurine Ceratopsid Chasmosaurus belli (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)
The sexual dimorphism attributed to Chasmosaurus belli by Sternberg (1927) is revisited and reevaluated. A reexamination of the two specimens originally considered by Sternberg reveals that they are less complete than first suggested, with only a moderate amount of overlapping material between them. Only a few of the postcranial elements (humeri, sternal plates, and presacral vertebrae) show evidence of dimorphism, the significance of which is either doubtful or equivocal. Instead of representing sexual dimorphs, it is likely that the two specimens belong to separate species, C. belli and C. russelli, as evidenced by their distinct frill morphologies and by their stratigraphic segregation within the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta. These findings emphasize the need to remain sceptical about claims advocating sexual dimorphism in the fossil record in the absence of statistical significance or stratigraphic control
Methods for detection and characterization of signals in noisy data with the Hilbert-Huang Transform
The Hilbert-Huang Transform is a novel, adaptive approach to time series
analysis that does not make assumptions about the data form. Its adaptive,
local character allows the decomposition of non-stationary signals with
hightime-frequency resolution but also renders it susceptible to degradation
from noise. We show that complementing the HHT with techniques such as
zero-phase filtering, kernel density estimation and Fourier analysis allows it
to be used effectively to detect and characterize signals with low signal to
noise ratio.Comment: submitted to PRD, 10 pages, 9 figures in colo
A Novel Use of Light Guides and Wavelength Shifting Plates for the Detection of Scintillation Photons in Large Liquid Argon Detectors
Scintillation light generated as charged particles traverse large liquid
argon detectors adds valuable information to studies of weakly-interacting
particles. This paper uses both laboratory measurements and cosmic ray data
from the Blanche dewar facility at Fermilab to characterize the efficiency of
the photon detector technology developed at Indiana University for the single
phase far detector of DUNE. The efficiency of this technology was found to be
0.48% at the readout end when the detector components were characterized with
laboratory measurements. A second determination of the efficiency using cosmic
ray tracks is in reasonable agreement with the laboratory determination. The
agreement of these two efficiency determinations supports the result that
minimum ionizing muons generate photons/MeV as
they cross the LAr volume.Comment: Accepted version (without final editorial corrections
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