Masonry components

Masonry is a non-homogeneous material, composed of units and mortar, which can be of different types, with distinct mechanical properties. The design of both masonry units and mortar is based on the role of the walls in the building. Load-bearing walls relate to structural elements that bear mainly vertical loads, but can serve also to resist to horizontal loads. When a structural masonry building is submitted to in-plane and out-of-plane loadings induced by an earthquake for example, the masonry walls are the structural elements that ensure the global stability of the building. This means that the walls should have adequate mechanical properties that enable them to resist to different combinations of compressive, shear and tensile stresses.The boundary conditions influence the resisting mechanisms of the structural walls under in-plane loading and in a buildings the connection at the intersection walls are of paramount importance for the out-of-plane resisting mechanism. However, it is well established that the masonry mechanical properties are also relevant for the global mechanical performance of the structural masonry walls. Masonry units for load-bearing walls are usually laid so that their perforations are vertically oriented, whereas for partition walls, brick units with horizontal perforation are mostly adopted

Choreography Rehearsal ⋆

Abstract. We propose a methodology for statically predicting the possible interaction patterns of services within a given choreography. We focus on choreographies exploiting the event notification paradigm to manage service interactions. Control Flow Analysis techniques statically approximate which events can be delivered to match the choreography constraints and how the multicast groups can be optimised to handle event notification within the service choreography.

A criterion for separating process calculi

We introduce a new criterion, replacement freeness, to discern the relative expressiveness of process calculi. Intuitively, a calculus is strongly replacement free if replacing, within an enclosing context, a process that cannot perform any visible action by an arbitrary process never inhibits the capability of the resulting process to perform a visible action. We prove that there exists no compositional and interaction sensitive encoding of a not strongly replacement free calculus into any strongly replacement free one. We then define a weaker version of replacement freeness, by only considering replacement of closed processes, and prove that, if we additionally require the encoding to preserve name independence, it is not even possible to encode a non replacement free calculus into a weakly replacement free one. As a consequence of our encodability results, we get that many calculi equipped with priority are not replacement free and hence are not encodable into mainstream calculi like CCS and pi-calculus, that instead are strongly replacement free. We also prove that variants of pi-calculus with match among names, pattern matching or polyadic synchronization are only weakly replacement free, hence they are separated both from process calculi with priority and from mainstream calculi.Comment: In Proceedings EXPRESS'10, arXiv:1011.601

GeantV: Results from the prototype of concurrent vector particle transport simulation in HEP

Full detector simulation was among the largest CPU consumer in all CERN experiment software stacks for the first two runs of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the early 2010's, the projections were that simulation demands would scale linearly with luminosity increase, compensated only partially by an increase of computing resources. The extension of fast simulation approaches to more use cases, covering a larger fraction of the simulation budget, is only part of the solution due to intrinsic precision limitations. The remainder corresponds to speeding-up the simulation software by several factors, which is out of reach using simple optimizations on the current code base. In this context, the GeantV R&D project was launched, aiming to redesign the legacy particle transport codes in order to make them benefit from fine-grained parallelism features such as vectorization, but also from increased code and data locality. This paper presents extensively the results and achievements of this R&D, as well as the conclusions and lessons learnt from the beta prototype.Comment: 34 pages, 26 figures, 24 table

Curricular orientations to real-world contexts in mathematics

A common claim about mathematics education is that it should equip students to use mathematics in the ‘real world’. In this paper, we examine how relationships between mathematics education and the real world are materialised in the curriculum across a sample of eleven jurisdictions. In particular, we address the orientation of the curriculum towards application of mathematics, the ways that real-world contexts are positioned within the curriculum content, the ways in which different groups of students are expected to engage with real-world contexts, and the extent to which high-stakes assessments include real-world problem solving. The analysis reveals variation across jurisdictions and some lack of coherence between official orientations towards use of mathematics in the real world and the ways that this is materialised in the organisation of the content for students

Dependent seniors garment design

This paper is part of a PhD research in Textile Engineering at University of Minho and aims to establish an ergonomic pattern design methodology to be used in the construction of garments for elderly women, aged 65 and over, dependent of care. The research was developed with a close contact with four institutions involved in supporting this aged population, located in the cities of Guimaraes (Portugal) and Teresina (Brazil). These clothes should be adequate to their anthropometrics and their special needs, in accordance with important functional factors for the dependency of their caregiver, such as: care for the caregiver and comfort for the user. Questions regarding the functional properties of the materials, the pattern design process, trimmings and the assembling process of the garments are specially considered in the desired comfort levels, in order to provide an adequate handling by facilitating the dressing and undressing tasks, but also to assure the user the needed comfort in all its variables.This work is supported by FEDER funds through the Competitive Factors Operational Program (COMPETE) POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136 and by national funds through Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the project UID/CTM/000264 financed by Science Without Borders/CAPEs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Design of X-Concentric Braced Steel Frame Systems Using an Equivalent Stiffness in a Modal Elastic Analysis

In this work, a general method for the design of concentric braced steel frames (CBF) with active tension diagonal bracings, applicable to single- and multi-storey structures, is presented. The method is based on the use of an elastic modal analysis with a response spectrum, which is carried out using an appropriate modified elastic stiffness of diagonal bracings. The reliability of the proposed method is validated through the analysis of significant case studies, making a series of numerical comparisons carrying out time-history non-linear dynamic analysis

Fragility curves for reinforced concrete frames characterised by different regularity

This paper presents a comparison between fragility curves developed for regular and non-regular reinforced frames. Three 3D reinforced concrete multi-story frames characterised by different regularity are analysed. These fragility curves are developed through the “Cloud Analysis“ procedure, which evaluates the structural response via Non-Linear Time History Analysis (NLTHA). Both maximum inter-story drift and maximum chord-rotation demand/capacity ratio are used as Engineering Demand Parameters, in which the chord-rotation capacity is calculated according to the Italian Code. To fully develop the fragility curves, both structure-independent and structure-dependent scalar intensity measures are selected among the most referred in practice and literature. This work shows the influence of regularity on the damage levels of the three buildings. Furthermore, it shows the uncertainties caused by the selection criteria for EDP thresholds, which are necessary for a correct representation of the Limit State

Assessment of the effect of seismic sequences on steel X-CBF for industrial buildings

This work concerns about the study of the effect of the seismic sequences on steel mono-storey industrial buildings equipped with X-CBFs, with the aim to evaluate a code change to adequately consider this issue. Indeed, current technical regulations (CEN, 2004; MIT, 2018) do not take into account this phenomenon, thus the structure are designed only to withstand a single main-shock, without considering the possible accumulation of damage due to the after-shocks. In this work it is instead shown how this effect has to be properly considered and evaluated. First, a mono-storey industrial building is analysed as preliminary case study. Fragility curves are built for both sequences and single main events, thus obtaining an important comparison. Then the study focuses on a single X-CBF, validated through an experimental test from literature. The calibrated system is subjected to both seismic sequences and corresponding mainshocks. Analyses are carried out also by varying brace profiles. The results show a significant influence of the seismic sequences on the increase of the ductility request of the structure. Therefore, with the aim to properly represent the effect of the sequences, it is considered necessary to require a reduction of the available behavior factor, providing a precautionary estimate. This operation wants to give a first preliminary estimate of the increase of the seismic risk only on the seismic vulnerability side of this kind of structures