Letter of A. C. V. R. to a Mr. J. I. [G?] Van Heulen

Another letter of A.C.V.R. to a Mr. J. I. [G?] Van Heulen, who is seeking A.C.V.R.\u27s advice where to settle in America. A.C.V.R. advises either Holland, Michigan, or Amelia, Virginia. Since the Van Heulens have ten children, A.C.V.R. advises him to buy a farm. A.C.V.R added: On account of death and continual sickness in the family, I am since one and one half year in Michigan.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1870s/1036/thumbnail.jp

A Letter of A. C. V. R. to a Mr. J. G. Van Heulen

A letter of A.C.V.R. to a Mr. J. G. Van Heulen, who is advising Van Heulen about where to settle in America. If he should come to Amelia, A.C.V.R. informs him what to expect. A.C.V.R. gives detailed information about the conditions in Virginia. An important letter.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1860s/1514/thumbnail.jp

A Sermon by Albertus C. Van Raalte on Colossians 3.1

A sermon by Albertus C. Van Raalte on Colossians 3.1, was written on twelve small pages in Van Raalte\u27s very small handwriting as is so typical of his manuscripts. Van Raalte labeled it a Preparatory Sermon. In contrast to many of his sermons which mentioned where he has preached the sermon, there is no indication on this manuscript that he preached it elsewhere. It can be assumed that this was a fresh sermon for his Holland congregation, First Reformed Church, on this date.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1860s/1155/thumbnail.jp

Letter from A. C. Van Raalte to John Roost

A letter of Albertus C. Van Raalte to Mr. John Roost who is on a trip East to obtain funds for the Holland Harbor. V.R. says, May God make your trip helpful toward the well-being of the people whose care is laid upon your hands in his providence. Money is badly needed in order to proceed with the harbor work. Although V.R. is much involved with business and community affairs, he places all within a spiritual framework. This letter give more evidence of V.R.\u27s piety and deep religious convictions.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1850s/1052/thumbnail.jp

Holland\u27s Disaster, a Narrative by Rev. Albertus C. Van Raalte Was Printed in De Hope

Holland\u27s Disaster, a narrative by Rev. Albertus C. Van Raalte was printed in De Hope, October 12, 1871. P. T. Moerdyk translated excerpts from the article. Seth Vander Werf translated an essay by A.C.V.R. about the Holland Fire, as essay written Dec. 10, 1871.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1870s/1068/thumbnail.jp

Preliminary Investigation of the Area Under the l-Lactate Concentration\u2013Time Curve (LACAREA) in Critically Ill Equine Neonates

Background: A variety of measures of l-lactate concentration ([LAC]) in the blood of critically ill neonatal foals have shown utility as prognostic indicators. These measures, evaluating either the severity of hyperlactatemia or the duration of exposure to hyperlactatemia, perform fairly well and have correctly classified 75-80% of foals examined in several studies. The area under the l-lactate concentration versus time curve (LACArea) encompasses both severity and duration of hyperlactatemia and should improve correct classification of patient survival. Hypothesis/Objectives: LACArea is larger in nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals. Animals: Forty-nine foals admitted for critical illness to 1 of 4 referral hospitals. Methods: Whole blood was obtained at admission and 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after admission for measurement of l-lactate using a handheld lactate meter. LACArea was calculated for: admission-6, 6-12, 12-18, 18-24 hours, and admission-24 hours using the trapezoidal method and summing the 6-hours interval areas to determine total 24 hours area. Differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were determined using robust regression and Kruskal-Wallis testing, P < .05. Results: LACArea was significantly larger in nonsurviving foals (n = 9) than in surviving foals (n = 40) at all time periods examined. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Differences in LACArea between surviving and nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals are large and support further investigation of this method as an improved biomarker for survival in critically ill neonatal foals is indicated

Preliminary investigation of the area under the L-lactate concentration-time curve (LACArea) in critically ill equine neonates

BACKGROUND: A variety of measures of L-lactate concentration ([LAC]) in the blood of critically ill neonatal foals have shown utility as prognostic indicators. These measures, evaluating either the severity of hyperlactatemia or the duration of exposure to hyperlactatemia, perform fairly well and have correctly classified 75-80% of foals examined in several studies. The area under the L-lactate concentration versus time curve (LACArea) encompasses both severity and duration of hyperlactatemia and should improve correct classification of patient survival. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: LACArea is larger in nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals. ANIMALS: Forty-nine foals admitted for critical illness to 1 of 4 referral hospitals. METHODS: Whole blood was obtained at admission and 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after admission for measurement of L-lactate using a handheld lactate meter. LACArea was calculated for: admission-6, 6-12, 12-18, 18-24 hours, and admission-24 hours using the trapezoidal method and summing the 6-hours interval areas to determine total 24 hours area. Differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were determined using robust regression and Kruskal-Wallis testing, P < .05. RESULTS: LACArea was significantly larger in nonsurviving foals (n = 9) than in surviving foals (n = 40) at all time periods examined. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Differences in LACArea between surviving and nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals are large and support further investigation of this method as an improved biomarker for survival in critically ill neonatal foals is indicated

Temperature sensitivity on growth and/or replication of H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated from pigs and birds in mammalian cells.

&lt;p&gt;Influenza A viruses have been isolated from a wide range of animal species, aquatic birds being the reservoir for their genetic diversity. Avian influenza viruses can be transmitted to humans, directly or indirectly through an intermediate host like pig. This study aimed to define in vitro conditions that could prove useful to evaluate the potential of influenza viruses to adapt to a different host. Growth of H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 influenza viruses belonging to different lineages isolated from birds or pigs prior to 2005 was tested on MDCK or NPTr cell lines in the presence or absence of exogenous trypsin. Virus multiplication was compared at 33, 37 and 40 degrees C, the infection site temperatures in human, swine and avian hosts, respectively. Temperature sensitivity of PB2-, NP- and M-RNA replication was also tested by quantitative real-time PCR. Multiplication of avian viruses was cold-sensitive, whatever cell type. By contrast, temperature sensitivity of swine viruses was found to depend on the virus and the host cell: for an H1N1 swine isolate from 1982, multiplication was cold-sensitive on NPTr cells and undetectable at 40 degrees C. From genetic analyses, it appears that temperature sensitivity could involve other residues than PB2 residue 627 and could affect other steps of the replication cycle than replication.&lt;/p&gt;</p