Sistesis aliran ekuivalen tree dengan menggunakan algoritma gomary - hu

ABSTRAK Suatu jaringan komunikasi tak berarah G(V, E, c, f) merupakan suatu jaringan komunikasi dengan himpunan titik V, himpunan garis E, fungsi kapasitas c dan fungsi aliran f. Dalam jaringan komunikasi ini, medium antar dua station yang dalam hal ini digambarkan sebagai garis mempunyai kapasitas yang disebut sebagai kapasitas garis. Dad kapasitas garis ini dapat ditentukan kapasitas terminalnya. Setiap jaringan komunikasi tak berarah -n-titik adalah ekuivalen terhadap tree dan terdapat paling banyak n - 1 bilangan kapasitas terminal yang berbeda. Algoritma Gomory - Hu membangun jaringan yang ekuivalen terhadap tree dengan menyelesaikan secara tepat masalah aliran maksimum n - 9. Masalah aliran maksimum ini diselesaikan daiam suatu jaringan yang lebih sederhana daripada jaringan asli

The Making of a Movement: The Archival Reconstruction of Chicanismo in Northern New Mexico

The recovery of a movement is explored in this project inspired by the New Mexico Highlands University (HU) Archives and Special Collections. Known for its liberal student body in the 1960s and 1970s, I argue that HU was a catalyst for the Chicano Movement in northern New Mexico. The movement was punctuated by an influx of visitations by prominent activists such as Reies Lopez Tijerina and Rudolfo “Corky” Gonzales. Campus life at HU shifted from an Anglo-centric atmosphere to fostering a cultural space fueled by the Spanish language and the overt accusations of racism against minority students. Through my work, I show how Anglo and Chicano students confided in their school newspaper to express personal opinions and engage in racially charged correspondences across both groups. These conversations ignited a Chicano-student-based effort to elect the first Nuevomexicano and Chicano president of HU. These protests necessitated the involvement of the HU Board of Regents, whose readiness to elect a university president under such stipulations oscillated over the course of a year. Their responses to Chicano students are recorded in the HU Archives. I assert that the contrast of dialogues produced from the administrative entity and Chicano students reveals the latent racial tensions present on the HU campus. Finally, I demonstrate the manifestation of Mexican-American identity by investigating its historical contexts in New Mexico and its implications through a national lens. Post-Vietnam War sentiments speckle the racial commentary of students’ published works through art, poetry, and articles published in Spanish. By investigating primary, non-fictional sources, I work to reconstruct an historical movement and weave social commentary within a politically infused undertaking of exploring identity

Estimation of a Transformation Model with Truncation, Interval Observation and Time–Varying Covariates

Abrevaya (1999b) considered estimation of a transformation model in the presence of left–truncation. This paper observes that a cross–sectional version of the statistical model considered in Frederiksen, Honoré, and Hu (2007) is a generalization of the model considered by Abrevaya (1999b) and the generalized model can be estimated by a pairwise comparison version of one of the estimators in Frederiksen, Honoré, and Hu (2007). Specifically, our generalization will allow for discretized observations of the dependent variable and for piecewise constant time–varying explanatory variables.

Perfluoro effect in the photoelectron spectra of quinoline and isoquinoline

The high-resolution He 584Aophotoelectron spectra of heptafluoroquinoline and heptafluoroisoquinoline are compared with those of the parent compounds. Shifts in π ionisation potentials, due to the fluorine substitution, can be described with an inductive and a combined inductive-conjugative Hu¨ckel model

System Re-set: High LET Radiation or Transient Musculoskeletal Disuse Cause Lasting Changes in Oxidative Defense Pathways Within Bone

Six months post-IR, there were no notable changes in skeletal expression of 84 principal genes in the p53 signaling pathway due to low dose IR (0.5Gy), HU, or both. In contrast, numerous genes relevant to oxidative stress were regulated by the treatments, typically in a direction indicative of increased oxidative stress and impaired defense. IR and HU independently reduced (between 0.46 to 0.88 fold) expression levels of Noxa1, Gpx3, Prdx2, Prdx3, and Zmynd17. Surprisingly, transient HU alone (sham-irradiated) decreased expression of several redox-related genes (Gpx1,Gstk1, Prdx1, Txnrd2), which were not affected significantly by IR alone. Irradiation increased (1.13 fold) expression of a gene responsible for production of superoxides by neutrophils (NCF2). Of interest, only combined treatment with HU and IR led to increased expression levels of Ercc2, (1.19 fold), a DNA excision repair enzyme. Differences in gene expression levels may reflect a change in gene expression on a per cell basis, a shift in the repertoire of specific cell types within the tissue, or both. Serum nitrite/nitrate levels were elevated to comparable levels (1.6-fold) due to IR, HU or both, indicative of elevated systemic nitrosyl stress. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of changes in skeletal expression of oxidative stress-related genes six months after irradiation and/or transient unloading tended to be relatively modest (0.46-1.15 fold), whereas the p53 pathway was not affected. The finding that many different oxidative stress-related genes differed from controls at this late time point implicates a generalized impairment of oxidative defense within skeletal tissue, which coincides with both profound radiation damage to osteoprogenitors/stem cells in bone marrow and impaired remodeling of mineralized tissue

Liposome Synthesis and Evaluation in the HEK-293 Cell Line

Liposomes were synthesized using the thin film method. A lyophilized power of egg-derived phosphatidylcholine, stearylamine, and cholesterol were added to ethanol and dried under argon to form a lipid cake. The lipid cake was rehydrated with dPBS and sonicated at 60°C forming a heterogenous batch of liposomes. Our results revealed the average size of the liposomes, determined by Dynamic Light Scattering, was approximately 223.1nm, while demonstrating a weakly positive zeta-potential of 1.9± 8.07mv. Next, we tested the antitumor action of the liposomes in the HEK-293 cell line via an MTT assay. We observed that the liposomes were able to inhibit cell proliferation in the HEK-293 cell line in comparison to controls. Future studies will focus on encapsulating hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules within the liposome formulation to improve delivery to cancer cells