11,354 research outputs found
Approximate perturbed direct homotopy reduction method: infinite series reductions to two perturbed mKdV equations
An approximate perturbed direct homotopy reduction method is proposed and
applied to two perturbed modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations with
fourth order dispersion and second order dissipation. The similarity reduction
equations are derived to arbitrary orders. The method is valid not only for
single soliton solution but also for the Painlev\'e II waves and periodic waves
expressed by Jacobi elliptic functions for both fourth order dispersion and
second order dissipation. The method is valid also for strong perturbations.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur
Variational ground states of 2D antiferromagnets in the valence bond basis
We study a variational wave function for the ground state of the
two-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in the valence bond basis. The
expansion coefficients are products of amplitudes h(x,y) for valence bonds
connecting spins separated by (x,y) lattice spacings. In contrast to previous
studies, in which a functional form for h(x,y) was assumed, we here optimize
all the amplitudes for lattices with up to 32*32 spins. We use two different
schemes for optimizing the amplitudes; a Newton/conjugate-gradient method and a
stochastic method which requires only the signs of the first derivatives of the
energy. The latter method performs significantly better. The energy for large
systems deviates by only approx. 0.06% from its exact value (calculated using
unbiased quantum Monte Carlo simulations). The spin correlations are also well
reproduced, falling approx. 2% below the exact ones at long distances. The
amplitudes h(r) for valence bonds of long length r decay as 1/r^3. We also
discuss some results for small frustrated lattices.Comment: v2: 8 pages, 5 figures, significantly expanded, new optimization
method, improved result
New variable separation approach: application to nonlinear diffusion equations
The concept of the derivative-dependent functional separable solution, as a
generalization to the functional separable solution, is proposed. As an
application, it is used to discuss the generalized nonlinear diffusion
equations based on the generalized conditional symmetry approach. As a
consequence, a complete list of canonical forms for such equations which admit
the derivative-dependent functional separable solutions is obtained and some
exact solutions to the resulting equations are described.Comment: 19 pages, 2 fig
A Model for the Moving `Wisps' in the Crab Nebula
I propose that the moving `wisps' near the center of the Crab Nebula result
from nonlinear Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities in the equatorial plane of the
shocked pulsar wind. Recent observations suggest that the wisps trace out
circular wavefronts in this plane, expanding radially at speeds approximately
less than c/3. Instabilities could develop if there is sufficient velocity
shear between a faster-moving equatorial zone and a slower moving shocked
pulsar wind at higher latitudes. The development of shear could be related to
the existence of a neutral sheet -- with weak magnetic field -- in the
equatorial zone, and could also be related to a recent suggestion by Begelman
that the magnetic field in the Crab pulsar wind is much stronger than had been
thought. I show that plausible conditions could lead to the growth of
instabilities at the radii and speeds observed, and that their nonlinear
development could lead to the appearance of sharp wisplike features.Comment: 7 pages; 3 postscript figures; LaTex, uses emulateapj.sty; to Appear
in the Astrophysical Journal, Feb. 20, 1999, Vol. 51
Envelope from Miss Baker containing letters from George C. Parkinson, C. W. Emerson, Emeline B. Wells, and Lou Lewis
Letters of recommendation for Mercy Rachel Baker
MHD tidal waves on a spinning magnetic compact star
In an X-ray binary system, the companion star feeds the compact neutron star
with plasma materials via accretions. The spinning neutron star is likely
covered with a thin "magnetized ocean" and may support {\it magnetohydrodynamic
(MHD) tidal waves}. While modulating the thermal properties of the ocean, MHD
tidal waves periodically shake the base of the stellar magnetosphere that traps
energetic particles, including radiating relativistic electrons. For a radio
pulsar, MHD tidal waves in the stellar surface layer may modulate radio
emission processes and leave indelible signatures on timescales different from
the spin period. Accretion activities are capable of exciting these waves but
may also obstruct or obscure their detections meanwhile. Under fortuitous
conditions, MHD tidal waves might be detectable and offer valuable means to
probe properties of the underlying neutron star. Similar situations may also
occur for a cataclysmic variable -- an accretion binary system that contains a
rotating magnetic white dwarf. This Letter presents the theory for MHD tidal
waves in the magnetized ocean of a rotating degenerate star and emphasizes
their potential diagnostics in X-ray and radio emissions.Comment: ApJ Letter paper already publishe
Do aeration conditions affect arsenic and phosphate accumulation and phosphate transporter expression in rice (Oryza sativa L.)?
Widespread contamination of rice with arsenic (As) has revealed a major exposure pathway to humans. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of oxygen in the rhizosphere on phosphate (P) transporter (for arsenate transportation) expressions, on As and P accumulation and As speciation in four rice genotypes. Oxygenation marginally increased root and shoot length. Total As concentrations in rice roots were dramatically reduced following aeration compared to stagnant treatments (p < 0.001). Aeration treatments significantly increased arsenate while reducing arsenite concentrations in roots (p < 0.001). Root arsenite concentrations were 1.5–2.5 times greater in stagnant than in aeration treatments. Total P concentrations in rice roots were dramatically increased following aeration compared to stagnant treatments. The relative abundance of phosphate transporter (inorganic phosphate transporter and phosphate/H+ symporter family protein) expressions showed downregulation in aeration treatments, particularly for SY-9586, XWX-17, and XWX-12 in inorganic phosphate transporter expressions and XWX-17 in phosphate/H+ symporter family protein expression (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of phosphate carrier protein expressions were relatively higher than the other phosphate transporters, showing upregulation in aeration treatments
Envelope from Miss Baker containing letters from Mercy Rachel Baker, C. W. Emerson, George C. Parkinson, Lou Lewis, and Emmeline B. Wells
Letters concerning a position in the English department at Utah Agricultural College as well as recommendations and testimonials
Robust and clean Majorana zero mode in the vortex core of high-temperature superconductor (Li0.84Fe0.16)OHFeSe
The Majorana fermion, which is its own anti-particle and obeys non-abelian
statistics, plays a critical role in topological quantum computing. It can be
realized as a bound state at zero energy, called a Majorana zero mode (MZM), in
the vortex core of a topological superconductor, or at the ends of a nanowire
when both superconductivity and strong spin orbital coupling are present. A MZM
can be detected as a zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) in tunneling
spectroscopy. However, in practice, clean and robust MZMs have not been
realized in the vortices of a superconductor, due to contamination from
impurity states or other closely-packed Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon (CdGM)
states, which hampers further manipulations of Majorana fermions. Here using
scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we show that a ZBCP well separated from the
other discrete CdGM states exists ubiquitously in the cores of free vortices in
the defect free regions of (Li0.84Fe0.16)OHFeSe, which has a superconducting
transition temperature of 42 K. Moreover, a Dirac-cone-type surface state is
observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and its topological
nature is confirmed by band calculations. The observed ZBCP can be naturally
attributed to a MZM arising from this chiral topological surface states of a
bulk superconductor. (Li0.84Fe0.16)OHFeSe thus provides an ideal platform for
studying MZMs and topological quantum computing.Comment: 32 pages, 15 figures (supplementary materials included), accepted by
PR
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