3,182 research outputs found
Stability and Change of Personality across the Life Course: The Impact of Age and Major Life Events on Mean-Level and Rank-Order Stability of the Big Five
Does personality change across the entire life course, and are those changes due to intrinsic maturation or major life experiences? This longitudinal study investigated changes in the mean levels and rank order of the Big Five personality traits in a heterogeneous sample of 14,718 Germans across all of adulthood. Latent change and latent moderated regression models provided four main findings: First, age had a complex curvilinear influence on mean levels of personality. Second, the rank-order stability of Emotional Stability, Extraversion, Openness, and Agreeableness all followed an inverted U-shaped function, reaching a peak between the ages of 40 and 60, and decreasing afterwards, whereas Conscientiousness showed a continuously increasing rank-order stability across adulthood. Third, personality predicted the occurrence of several objective major life events (selection effects) and changed in reaction to experiencing these events (socialization effects), suggesting that personality can change due to factors other than intrinsic maturation.. - Fourth, when events were clustered according to their valence, as is commonly done,. - effects of the environment on changes in personality were either overlooked or. - overgeneralized. In sum, our analyses show that personality changes throughout the life. - span, but with more pronounced changes in young and old ages, and that this change is. - partly attributable to social demands and experiences.personality development, Big Five, life events, stability, adulthood
The Benefits of Believing in Chance or Fate: External Locus of Control as a Protective Factor for Coping with the Death of a Spouse
The death of a spouse is an extremely stressful life event that consequently causes a large drop in life satisfaction. Reactivity to the loss, however, varies markedly, a phenomenon that is currently not well understood. Because lack of controllability essentially contributes to the stressful nature of this incident, we analyzed whether individual differences in the belief in external control influence the coping process. To examine this issue, widowed individuals (N = 414) from a large-scaled panel study were followed for the 4 years before and after the loss by using a latent growth model. Results showed that belief in external control led to a considerably smaller decline in life satisfaction and higher scores in the year of the loss. Thus, although usually regarded as a risk factor, belief in external control acts as a protective factor for coping with the death of a spouse.Locus of control, life satisfaction, latent growth model, subjective well-being, subjective indicators, family and networks
Polarization-controlled single photons
Vacuum-stimulated Raman transitions are driven between two magnetic substates
of a rubidium-87 atom strongly coupled to an optical cavity. A magnetic field
lifts the degeneracy of these states, and the atom is alternately exposed to
laser pulses of two different frequencies. This produces a stream of single
photons with alternating circular polarization in a predetermined
spatio-temporal mode. MHz repetition rates are possible as no recycling of the
atom between photon generations is required. Photon indistinguishability is
tested by time-resolved two-photon interference.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Frictional Drag Between Coupled 2D Hole Gases in GaAs/AlGaAs Heterostructures
We report on the first measurements of the drag effect between coupled
2D-hole gases. We investigate the coupling by changing the carrier densities in
the quantum wells, the widths of the barriers between the gases and the
perpendicular magnetic field. From the data we are able to attribute the
frictional drag to phonon coupling, because the non-parabolicity allows to tune
the Fermi wavevector and the Fermi velocity separately and, thereby, to
distinguish between phonon- and plasmon-dominated coupling.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Efeito do tamanho e de mĂşltiplos casais sobre o potencial reprodutivo de Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Entre os lepidĂłpteros de importância agrĂcola, Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) tem despertado atenção por atingir nĂveis de dano econĂ´mico em culturas de importância como algodĂŁo e soja. Entretanto, existem poucos estudos detalhados de biologia, especialmente relacionados a aspectos reprodutivos. Visando determinar a capacidade máxima reprodutiva desta espĂ©cie avaliou-se o efeito do tamanho, empregando como parâmetro o peso pupal, e o nĂşmero de casais por gaiola (um e trĂŞs) sobre o nĂşmero de cĂłpulas, fecundidade e fertilidade. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em sala climatizada (25 ± 1ÂşC, 70 ± 10% UR e fotofase de 14 horas) com observações diárias. Adultos, emergidos no mesmo dia, classificados de acordo com a massa pupal, como pequenos, mĂ©dios e grandes foram dispostos em gaiolas plásticas, (10 x 15cm), alimentados com dieta artificial e água estĂ©ril. Foram formadas 15 gaiolas com um casal cada, todos de tamanho mĂ©dio, cinco gaiolas com 3 casais de tamanho pequeno e mĂ©dio e 4 com trĂŞs casais de tamanho grande. O nĂşmero mĂ©dio de cĂłpulas dos casais de tamanho mĂ©dio mantidos individualmente (1,13) foi significativamente menor do que o dos insetos pequenos (2,58), mĂ©dios (2,47) e grandes (2,33),mantidos a trĂŞs por gaiola. A fecundidade mĂ©dia dos casais individuais (1.398,00) tambĂ©m foi significativamente menor que a dos mantidos a trĂŞs por gaiola, tanto de tamanho pequeno (1.709,07), mĂ©dio (2.044,27) e grande (2.469,92). Entre estes Ăşltimos observou-se efeito positivo entre o tamanho da pupa e a fecundidade, com diferenças significativas entre todos os tamanhos. A fertilidade mĂ©dia dos casais individuais (67,45) foi muito inferior a observada para os casais pequenos (97,32%), mĂ©dios (96,43%) e grandes (98,91%), mantidos a trĂŞs por gaiola. Estes resultados indicam que em estudos que estimam o potencial reprodutivo devem ser utilizados pelo menos trĂŞs casais por gaiola e que sejam descritos os pesos das pupas que originaram os adultos
Parâmetros biológicos dos estágios imaturos de Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), em condições controladas.
O gĂŞnero Spodoptera (GuenĂ©e, 1852) Ă© cosmopolita e abriga grande parte das lagartas de importância agrĂcola. Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) Ă© uma espĂ©cie polĂfaga que se alimenta de plantas de 57 famĂlias, incluindo muitas de importância econĂ´mica. Este estudo objetivou detalhar parâmetros biolĂłgicos de desenvolvimento dos estágios imaturos de S. eridania, em condições controladas (25 ± 1ÂşC, 70 ± 10% UR e fotofase de 14 horas). Foram avaliados 4.454 ovos provenientes de 16 posturas e 298 larvas neonatas, individualmente, alimentadas com dieta artificial modificada de Grenee et al. A viabilidade dos ovos, larvas, prĂ©-pupas e pupas foi de 97,82; 93,62; 96,42; 97,03%, com duração de 4,00; 16,18; 1,58 e 9,17 dias, respectivamente. Observou-se que 93% das fĂŞmeas e 100% dos machos passaram por seis e 7% das fĂŞmeas passaram por sete instares larvais. A partir do quinto Ănstar observou-se diferenciação no tamanho das cápsulas entre machos e fĂŞmeas de seis instares e, entre fĂŞmeas com as de sete instares, a diferenciação iniciou no quarto Ănstar, com razĂŁo de crescimento menor que as demais, no entanto o tamanho final foi maior que nas larvas de seis instares, compensado pelo Ănstar adicional. O tamanho final das cápsulas foi significativamente diferente entre fĂŞmeas (2,64mm) e machos (2,50mm), bem como entre as fĂŞmeas que passaram por seis (2,64mm) e sete Ănstares (2,72mm). Nas larvas femininas e masculinas de seis instares a razĂŁo mĂ©dia de crescimento foi de 1,52 e 1,51, respectivamente; nas de sete Ănstares foi de 1,44. As pupas femininas das larvas que passaram por seis instares foram significativamente maiores (377,53mg) do que os machos (329,45mg), porĂ©m, menores que as provenientes de larvas que passaram por sete Ănstares (435,11mg). Tanto a metodologia de criação quanto a dieta larval foram adequadas, pois permitiram 85,87% de sobrevivĂŞncia e um detalhamento muito maior das observações, especialmente, quando larvas
Development of ultra-light pixelated ladders for an ILC vertex detector
The development of ultra-light pixelated ladders is motivated by the
requirements of the ILD vertex detector at ILC. This paper summarizes three
projects related to system integration. The PLUME project tackles the issue of
assembling double-sided ladders. The SERWIETE project deals with a more
innovative concept and consists in making single-sided unsupported ladders
embedded in an extra thin plastic enveloppe. AIDA, the last project, aims at
building a framework reproducing the experimental running conditions where sets
of ladders could be tested
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