497 research outputs found
One qubit almost completely reveals the dynamics of two
From the time dependence of states of one of them, the dynamics of two
interacting qubits is determined to be one of two possibilities that differ
only by a change of signs of parameters in the Hamiltonian. The only exception
is a simple particular case where several parameters in the Hamiltonian are
zero and one of the remaining nonzero parameters has no effect on the time
dependence of states of the one qubit. The mean values that describe the
initial state of the other qubit and of the correlations between the two qubits
also are generally determined to within a change of signs by the time
dependence of states of the one qubit, but with many more exceptions. An
example demonstrates all the results. Feedback in the equations of motion that
allows time dependence in a subsystem to determine the dynamics of the larger
system can occur in both classical and quantum mechanics. The role of quantum
mechanics here is just to identify qubits as the simplest objects to consider
and specify the form that equations of motion for two interacting qubits can
take.Comment: 6 pages with new and updated materia
Completely Positive Maps and Classical Correlations
We expand the set of initial states of a system and its environment that are
known to guarantee completely positive reduced dynamics for the system when the
combined state evolves unitarily. We characterize the correlations in the
initial state in terms of its quantum discord [H. Ollivier and W. H. Zurek,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 017901 (2001)]. We prove that initial states that have
only classical correlations lead to completely positive reduced dynamics. The
induced maps can be not completely positive when quantum correlations
including, but not limited to, entanglement are present. We outline the
implications of our results to quantum process tomography experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Genetic identity of Tormalabaricus(Jerdon)(Teleostei : Cyprinidae) as revealed by RAPD markers
Tor malabaricus (Jerdon) is a mahseer species endemic to the Western Ghats. Since its original description, taxonomic position of the species has been extremely confusing. In the present study, Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to determine the taxonomic status of T.malabaricus collected from Balamore River, Tamil Nadu, India, by comparing its RAPD profile with that of Tor khudreee.15 random oligodecamers were used to amplify DNA from Tor malabaricus and Tor khudree (n=30 each) collected from two geographically isolated localities and a total of 119 amphicons were detected
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION ON THE EFFECT OF ZINC-PROBIOTIC AND PROBIOTIC THERAPY IN PAEDIATRIC ACUTE DIARRHOEA AND THE IMPACT OF COUNSELLING OF MOTHERS
Objective: To compare the efficacy of zinc-probiotic combination therapy and probiotic therapy alone in the treatment of acute paediatric diarrhoea and to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the mothers of affected children and the impact of counselling on diarrhoea management.Methods: A prospective observational comparative study was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015 in the paediatric department of Cosmopolitan Hospitals Pvt. Ltd., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, South India. The study was carried out on 150 patients between the ages of 3 mo to 12 y. The selected patients were divided into 2 groups of 75 members each. Initially, demographic data, details of socioeconomic status, severity, duration and frequency of diarrhoea and the presence of other associated symptoms and KAP of mothers before and after counselling was collected by using specially designed proforma. Group 1 patients received zinc and probiotic and Group 2 received probiotic only by oral administration. All children in both groups received sufficient quantity of oral rehydration solution (ORS). The requirement of other medications and adverse effects were also monitored.Results: The study revealed that, in group 1, 54.6% of patients were males and in group 2, 58.6% were females. The mean age of affected children was 5.14±3.53. In both groups, the majority of patients were from outpatient (OP) departments. In group 1, majority of patients, 49.3% were resting in upper lower economic class followed by 30.7% were lower middle class. In the case of group 2, 34.6% patients were from lower middle and 28% were from upper middle class. Other medications such as antiemetic and antipyretic were administered to 127and 110 patients respectively. Antisecretory and antibiotic were administered to 31 and 26 patients respectively. Totally 8 patients were affected with adverse drug reactions such as rashes and swelling of lips. In both groups severity of diarrhoea was high before treatment and it was changed after effective treatment with drugs. Comparing with group 2, the duration and severity of diarrhoea and other associated symptoms in group 1 patients were significantly reduced after treatment. Before counseling, the majority of mothers had very poor knowledge about the diarrhoeal disease and its management. Evaluation after counselling showed a significant improvement.Conclusion: Low socioeconomic life is a risk factor for diarrhoea. A combination of zinc and probiotic therapy is more effective than probiotic therapy alone in the treatment of acute diarrhoea and vomiting in children. The emergence and severity of the diarrhoeal disease can be reduced by effective clinical pharmacist interventions, and a great emphasis is needed in the counselling and education of mothers about this disease and its management.Keywords: Paediatric diarrhoea, Zinc, Probiotic, KAP, Counselling and educatio
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