HEALTH AND HEALTH ECONOMICS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Over the last three decades, treating health economics as an independent scientific discipline and providing specific treatment to the topics related to the economics of the health care sector have become more and more common. Currently, the field is so well established that it has appeared in the ordinary curriculum of most universities, and even if health economists are mainly to be found in the medical departments, the connections to economics proper are being strengthened, and the methodologies applied are getting refined. In this connection the paper highlights about the concept of health, why does health matter, relationship between health and Health Economics, and the justification of health economics

HEALTH AND HEALTH ECONOMICS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Over the last three decades, treating health economics as an independent scientific discipline and providing specific treatment to the topics related to the economics of the health care sector have become more and more common. Currently, the field is so well established that it has appeared in the ordinary curriculum of most universities, and even if health economists are mainly to be found in the medical departments, the connections to economics proper are being strengthened, and the methodologies applied are getting refined. In this connection the paper highlights about the concept of health, why does health matter, relationship between health and Health Economics, and the justification of health economics.Health and Health Economics

AAS - A Tool for Monitoring Trace Metals in Environment

Rapid industrialisation coupled with geochemical alter-ations posed a major threat to environment. Pollution of air, soil and water with both organics and inorganics is a matter of great concern, however, the non-degradable persistent trace metals are the most pressing problems of present decade. They are the most insidious pollutants because of their non-biodegradable nature and property to effect all forms of ecological systems. Owing to their toxicity and ill-effects on living being the present day scientists and researchers have developed interest in the amounts, origin and fate of certain elements. For example certain trace elements such as cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and vanadium are of great concern because of their toxic effects on plants, animals and humans. Essential trace elements, such as chromium, vanadium, manganese. iron, cobalt, copper and zinc are indispensible for the growth and survival of mankind. From the point of view of toxicity metals can be classified according to the following three criteria: non-critical, toxic and very toxic. Classification of elements according to toxicity and availability is given in Table-1. The impact of heavy metal contamination in biosphere is slowly being reco-gnised as a potential Health Hazard not only to human beings but almost all the major industries are also affected by trace elements imbalances. For instance the presence of silica in boiler feed water at 30 to 1000 ppm level leads to appearance of scale forming silicates which reduces the heat transfer from boiler

Bringing the Outside In: Examining the Impacts That Climate, Exchange, and Identity Processes Have on Organizationally-beneficial Employee Green Behavior

My dissertation contributes to growing practitioner and researcher interest in the corporate social responsibility topic of employee green behavior, a key strategic input to organizational environmental sustainability efforts. While it has been recognized that employee behavior can significantly impact sustainability efforts (Daily, Bishop, and Govindarajulu, 2009; Ones and Dilchert, 2012), the psychological mechanisms through which this occurs and the precise nature of these behaviors have not been rigorously examined. To address the gaps, my research investigates the interrelationship between organizational and individual factors in motivating organizational citizenship behavior directed toward the natural environment (OCB-E). The model, which derives from social exchange and identity perspectives, considers whether perceptions of organizational climate (psychological climate of care for the natural environment (PCCE)) directly and/or indirectly contribute to OCB-E. Indirectly, I predict that when employees experience a strong PCCE, they experience organizational support (POS), which motivates individuals to undertake OCB-Es. Further, I consider whether identity processes, in the form of employee environmental identity (EEI) and organizational identification (OI), interact with PCCE and/or POS to predict OCB-E. Overall, my proposition is that employees react positively to their organization when its climate reflects a pro-environmental stance. This leads employees via social exchange and/or identity processes to initiate pro-environmental behaviors at work for the benefit of the environment and organization. Bootstrap-adjusted factor analysis using AMOS (v.23) and bias-adjusted hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS (v.22) with the PROCESS plugin (Hayes, 2013) were used to test the hypotheses. Results indicated that a three-dimensional conceptualization of PCCE provided a better fit to the data than a four-dimensional conceptualization. Further, support for a direct relationship between PCCE and OCB-E was found, but not for an indirect relationship through POS. Lastly, the interaction between PCCE and each identity process (EEI and OI) was found to influence OCB-E, and partial support was found for the second-stage moderated mediation of PCCE on OCB-E through the interaction of POS and EEI

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - Present and Future

The development of analytical chemistry methods is mainly prompted by three aims: (a) an improvement of the power of detection (b) increase in analytical reliability in terms of freedom from systematic errors and optimal analytical precision, (c) and cost reduction

Changes in the electronic structure and properties of graphene induced by molecular charge-transfer

Interaction with electron donor and acceptor molecules such as aniline and nitrobenzene brings about marked changes in the Raman spectrum and the electronic structure of graphene, prepared by the exfoliation of graphitic oxide.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Study of power-jet dynamics in fluid amplifiers

This study is aimed at a better understanding of the basic dynamic behaviour of fluidic amplifiers leading to better design and more accurate modelling in systems analysis