887 research outputs found
ESC NN-Potentials in Momentum Space. II. Meson-Pair Exchange Potentials
The partial wave projection of the Nijmegen soft-core potential model for
Meson-Pair-Exchange (MPE) for NN-scattering in momentum space is presented.
Here, nucleon-nucleon momentum space MPE-potentials are NN-interactions where
either one or both nucleons contains a meson-pair vertex. Dynamically, the
meson-pair vertices can be viewed as describing in an effective way (part of)
the effects of heavy-meson exchange and meson-nucleon resonances. From the
point of view of ``duality,'' these two kinds of contribution are roughly
equivalent. Part of the MPE-vertices can be found in the chiral-invariant
phenomenological Lagrangians that have a basis in spontaneous broken chiral
symmetry. It is shown that the MPE-interactions are a very important component
of the nuclear force, which indeed enables a very succesful description of the
low and medium energy NN-data. Here we present a precise fit to the NN-data
with the extended-soft-core (ESC) model containing OBE-, PS-PS-, and
MPE-potentials. An excellent description of the NN-data for
MeV is presented and discussed. Phase shifts are given and a is reached.Comment: 27 pages, 5 PostScript figures, revtex
Extended-soft-core Baryon-Baryon Model II. Hyperon-Nucleon Interaction
The YN results are presented from the Extended-soft-core (ESC) interactions.
They consist of local- and non-local-potentials due to (i) One-boson-exchange
(OBE), with pseudoscalar-, vector-, scalar-, and axial-vector-nonets, (ii)
Diffractive exchanges, (iii) Two-pseudoscalar exchange, and (iv)
Meson-pair-exchange (MPE). This model, called ESC04, describes NN and YN in a
unified way using broken flavor SU(3)-symmetry. Novel ingredients are the
inclusion of (i) the axial-vector-mesons, (ii) a zero in the scalar- and
axial-vector meson form factors. We describe simultaneous fits to the NN- and
YN-data, using four options in the ESC-model. Very good fits were obtained.
G-matrix calculations with these four options are also reported. The obtained
well depths (U_\Lambda, U_\Sigma, U_\Xi) reveal distinct features of ESC04a-d.
The \Lambda\Lambda-interactions are demonstrated to be consistent with the
observed data of_{\Lambda\Lambda}^6He. The possible three-body effects are
investigated by considering phenomenologically the changes of the vector-meson
masses in a nuclear medium.Comment: preprint vesion 66 pages, two-column version 27 pages, 17 figure
Soft-core baryon-baryon potentials for the complete baryon octet
SU(3) symmetry relations on the recently constructed hyperon-nucleon
potentials are used to develop potential models for all possible baryon-baryon
interaction channels. The main focus is on the interaction channels with total
strangeness S=-2, -3, and -4, for which no experimental data exist yet. The
potential models for these channels are based on SU(3) extensions of potential
models for the S=0 and S=-1 sectors, which are fitted to experimental data.
Although the SU(3) symmetry is not taken to be exact, the S=0 and S=-1 sectors
still provide the necessary constraints to fix all free parameters. The
potentials for the S=-2, -3, and -4 sectors, therefore, do not contain any
additional free parameters, which makes them the first models of this kind.
Various properties of the potentials are illustrated by giving results for
scattering lengths, bound states, and total cross sections.Comment: 22 pages RevTex, 6 postscript figure
The influence of partner relationship quality on fertility
This study examines whether partner relationship quality influences fertility, and if so, in which direction and which aspects of relationship quality are relevant. Competing hypotheses are tested. One hypothesis assumes that higher relationship quality leads to higher rates of childbearing, as a high-quality relationship offers the most favourable environment to raise children. An opposite hypothesis expects that lower relationship quality leads to higher rates of childbearing, as couples might have children in order to improve their relationship. Hazard analyses are performed using three waves of the Panel Study on Social Integration in the Netherlands. Findings indicate that positive as well as negative interaction between partners has a negative effect on first- and higher-order birth rates. This suggests that couples are most likely to have children if they do not have too much negative interaction, but neither interact in a very positive way. Value consensus negatively influences higher-order birth rates.Cette Ă©tude examine lâinfluence de la qualitĂ© de la relation avec le partenaire sur la fĂ©conditĂ©, et cherche Ă identifier les aspects de la relation les plus pertinents par rapport Ă cette question. DiffĂ©rentes hypothĂšses sont explorĂ©es. La premiĂšre postule que plus la qualitĂ© de la relation est bonne, plus la fĂ©conditĂ© est Ă©levĂ©e, car une relation de bonne qualitĂ© offre le contexte le plus favorable pour Ă©lever des enfants. A lâopposĂ©, une deuxiĂšme hypothĂšse postule que plus la qualitĂ© de la relation est mauvaise, plus la fĂ©conditĂ© est Ă©levĂ©e, car les couples pourraient avoir des enfants pour amĂ©liorer leur relation. Des modĂšles de durĂ©e sont utilisĂ©s pour analyser les trois vagues du Panel dâEtude de lâIntĂ©gration Sociale aux Pays-Bas. Il apparaĂźt que les interactions positives, de mĂȘme que les interactions nĂ©gatives entre partenaires ont une influence nĂ©gative sur les naissances de rang 1 et sur les suivantes. Ce rĂ©sultat suggĂšre que les couples ont le plus de chances dâavoir des enfants sâils ont des interactions qui ne sont ni trop bonnes, ni trop mauvaises. Lâaccord entre partenaires au niveau du systĂšme de valeurs influence de façon nĂ©gative les naissances de rang supĂ©rieur
Soft two-meson-exchange nucleon-nucleon potentials. I. Planar and crossed-box diagrams
Pion-meson-exchange nucleon-nucleon potentials are derived for two nucleons
in the intermediate states. The mesons we include are (i) pseudoscalar mesons:
; (ii) vector mesons: ; (iii) scalar
mesons: ; and (iv) the
contribution from the Pomeron. Strong dynamical pair suppression is assumed,
and at the nucleon-nucleon-meson vertices Gaussian form factors are
incorporated into the relativistic two-body framework using a dispersion
representation for the pion- and meson-exchange amplitudes. The Fourier
transformations are performed using factorization techniques for the energy
denominators. The potentials are first calculated in the adiabatic
approximation to all planar and crossed three-dimensional momentum-space
-meson diagrams. Next, we calculate the corrections.Comment: 28 pages RevTeX, 8 postscript figures; revised version as to appear
in Phys. Rev.
Partial Wave Analyses of the pp data alone and of the np data alone
We present results of the Nijmegen partial-wave analyses of all NN scattering
data below Tlab = 500 MeV. We have been able to extract for the first time the
important np phase shifts for both I = 0 and I = 1 from the np scattering data
alone. This allows us to study the charge independence breaking between the pp
and np I = 1 phases. In our analyses we obtain for the pp data chi^2_{min}/Ndf
= 1.13 and for the np data chi^2_{min}/Ndf = 1.12.Comment: Report THEF-NYM 94.04, 4 pages LaTeX, one PostScript figure appended.
Contribution to the 14th Few-Body Conference, May 26 - 31, Williamsburg, V
Interactions between Octet Baryons in the SU_6 Quark model
The baryon-baryon interactions for the complete baryon octet (B_8) are
investigated in a unified framework of the resonating-group method, in which
the spin-flavor SU_6 quark-model wave functions are employed. Model parameters
are determined to reproduce properties of the nucleon-nucleon system and the
low-energy cross section data for the hyperon-nucleon interaction. We then
proceed to explore B_8 B_8 interactions in the strangeness S=-2, -3 and -4
sectors. The S-wave phase-shift behavior and total cross sections are
systematically understood by 1) the spin-flavor SU_6 symmetry, 2) the special
role of the pion exchange, and 3) the flavor symmetry breaking.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C (Rapid Communication
Soft two-meson-exchange nucleon-nucleon potentials. II. One-pair and two-pair diagrams
Two-meson-exchange nucleon-nucleon potentials are derived where either one or
both nucleons contains a pair vertex. Physically, the meson-pair vertices are
meant to describe in an effective way (part of) the effects of heavy-meson
exchange and meson-nucleon resonances. {}From the point of view of ``duality,''
these two kinds of contribution are roughly equivalent. The various
possibilities for meson pairs coupling to the nucleon are inspired by the
chiral-invariant phenomenological Lagrangians that have appeared in the
literature. The coupling constants are fixed using the linear model.
We show that the inclusion of these two-meson exchanges gives a significant
improvement over a potential model including only the standard one-boson
exchanges.Comment: 21 pages RevTeX, 7 postscript figures; revised version as to appear
in Phys. Rev.
The Two-Nucleon Potential from Chiral Lagrangians
Chiral symmetry is consistently implemented in the two-nucleon problem at
low-energy through the general effective chiral lagrangian. The potential is
obtained up to a certain order in chiral perturbation theory both in momentum
and coordinate space. Results of a fit to scattering phase shifts and bound
state data are presented, where satisfactory agreement is found for laboratory
energies up to about 100 Mev.Comment: Postscript file; figures available by reques
Determination of the chiral coupling constants c3 and c4 in new pp and np partial-wave analyses
As a first result of two new partial-wave analyses, one of the pp and another
one of the np scattering data below 500 MeV, we report a study of the
long-range chiral two-pion exchange interaction which contains the chiral
coupling constants c1, c3, and c4. By using as input a theoretical value for c1
we are able to determine in pp as well as in np scattering accurate values for
c3 and c4. The values determined from the pp data and independently from the np
data are in very good agreement, indicating the correctness of the chiral
two-pion exchange interaction. The weighted averages are c3 = -4.78(10) / GeV
and c4 = 3.96(22) / GeV, where the errors are statistical. The value of c3 is
best determined from the pp data and that of c4 from the np data.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
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