In between the market and public health insurance: a place for occupational welfare in Europe?

International audienceThere is a growing body of studies emphasising the multi-pillar configuration of protection against social risk in Europe, particularly in pension reform. In this chapter, we try to expand on this literature to find applicability beyond the sole case of pensions by looking at the case of occupational health insurance in France. In order to do so, we present a restatement of the pillar/provision perspective in order to apply it to a broader range of cases. We argue it is a powerful analytical tool provided it is complemented with a (non-exhaustive) list of perspectives widely used in studies on social policy and does not blunder into the pitfall of functionalism. The chapter focuses on crossing the pillar perspective with a finance and also a regime perspective. Following the seminal intuition of R. Titmuss, an important result yielded is that the overall structure of resources distribution of the whole welfare system can become highly anti-redistributive once occupational schemes and fiscal incentives are included in the analysis

Construção e crítica na nova sociologia francesa Construction and criticism in the new french sociology

Este artigo propõe uma análise comparativa das sociologias de Bourdieu, Boltanski/Thévenot e Latour/Callon. Seguindo uma dialética descendente, das estruturas materiais Bourdieu às alturas ideais de Boltanski e Thévenot e às platitudes de Latour e Callon, o autor expõe em um primeiro tempo o estruturalismo genético de Bourdieu como um pensamento racional e relacional, que estabelece uma prioridade às estruturas. Ele mostra que o desvio objetivista da teoria dos campos e dos habitus tende a esvaziar as capacidades reflexivas de que dispõem os atores e a reduzi-los a simples agentes. Em um segundo momento, o autor mostra que a sociologia da crítica de Boltanski e Thévenot permite retificar ou corrigir a sociologia crítica. Ela introduz, firmemente, as mediações simbólicas que são as Cidades e concebe os Dispositivos como comutadores, que restabelecem o laço com a macrossociologia. Enfim, em um terceiro e último momento, o autor critica a eliminação das estruturas materiais e ideais que configuram a ação para a sociologia dos atores em rede. Ela se fixa nas práticas que performam o mundo, associando os humanos e os não humanos, em um tecido sem costura e sem fim que cobre o mundo.<br>This article considers a comparative analysis of the sociologies of Bourdieu, Boltanski & Thévenot, and Latour & Callon. Following a descending dialectic of the Bourdieu material structures to the ideal heights of Boltanski and Thévenot and to the platitudes of Latour and Callon, the author primarily displays Bourdieu’s genetic structuralism as a rational and relational thinking, which establishes a priority to the structures. He shows that the objectivist deviation of the theory of the fields and habitus tends to empty the reflexive capacities in which the actors are reduced into simple agents. In a second moment, the author shows that the Boltanski’s and Thévenot’s sociology of criticism allows to rectify or to correct the critical sociology. It introduces the symbolic mediations that are the Cities and conceive the Devices as commutators, which reestablish the link with the macrosociology. Finally, the author criticizes the elimination of the material and ideal structures that configure the action for the sociology of the actors in net. The action fixes itself in the practices that perform the world, associating human beings and the not human, in a never-ending fabric that covers the world