Ethical Aspects Concerning Endodontic Instrument Fracture

Aim: The aim of this study was to address several ethical aspects concerning the behavior of endodontists and general dentists regarding endodontic instrument fracture during root canal treatment. Methods: The responses of a group of professionals (endodontists and general dentists) to a questionnaire were reviewed and analyzed statistically by Fisher's Exact and chi-square tests at 5% significance level. Results: Forty-six percent of the interviewees responded that they would try to solve the problem without informing the patient about the accident. Only 28.1% of the participants affirmed that they would let the patient know right at the moment of occurrence. Conclusions: The outcomes of this survey demonstrate that most professionals are afraid of informing their patient about an accidental endodontic instrument breakage during treatment and might be subject to lawsuits.72515351538Leite, V.G., Odontologia legal (1962) Bahia: Era NovaCoehn, S., Burns, R.C., (1980) Caminhos da polpa, , 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan;Frank, A.L., The dilemma of the fractured instrument (1983) J Endod, 9, pp. 515-516Cohen, S., Endodontic treatment: Avoid these malpractice traps (1988) Dent Manag, 28 (36-38), p. 40Imura, N., Zuolo, M.L., (1988) Procedimentos clínicos em endodontia, , São Paulo: Pancast;Walton, R.E., Torabinejad, M., (1997) Principios e prática em endodontia, , 2.ed. São Paulo: Santos;Itoh, A., Higuchi, N., Minami, G., Yasue, T., Yoshida, T., Maseki, T., A survey of filling methods, intracanal medications, and instruments breakage (1999) J Endod, 25, pp. 823-824Ree, M.H., Timmerman, M.F., Wesselink, P.R., Factors influencing referral for specialist endodontic treatment amongst a group of Dutch general practitioners (2003) Int Endod J, 36, pp. 129-134De Deus, Q.D., (1992) Endodontia, , 5.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Medsi;Leonardo, M.R., Leal, J.M., (1998) Endodontia: Tratamento dos canais radiculares, , 3.ed. São Paulo: Panamericana

Mass dimension one fermions and their gravitational interaction

We investigate in detail the interaction between the spin-${1/2}$ fields endowed with mass dimension one and the graviton. We obtain an interaction vertex that combines the characteristics of scalar-graviton and Dirac's fermion-graviton vertices, due to the scalar-dynamic attribute and the fermionic structure of this field. It is shown that the vertex obtained obeys the Ward-Takahashi identity, ensuring the gauge invariance for this interaction. In the contribution of the mass dimension one fermion to the graviton propagator at one-loop, we found the conditions for the cancellation of the tadpole term by a cosmological counter-term. We calculate the scattering process for arbitrary momentum. For low energies, the result reveals that only the scalar sector present in the vertex contributes to the gravitational potential. Finally, we evaluate the non relativistic limit of the gravitational interaction and obtain an attractive Newtonian potential, as required for a dark matter candidate.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Leaf Appearance and Elongation in Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania Tillers of Varying Ages

A sward may be considered as a tiller population of varying ages and sizes, and these different age groups are likely to present distinct behaviour in terms of growth and herbage production. However, there is very little information on how tiller age, in association with grazing management practices (e.g. frequency and intensity of grazing), alter morphogenetic characteristics and, therefore, herbage production. Against this background, the present experiment had the objective to evaluate leaf appearance and elongation in Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania tillers of different age groups when submitted to intermittent grazing regimes

Herbage Production of Tanzania Grass (\u3cem\u3ePanicum maximum\u3c/em\u3e cv. Tanzania) Submitted to Combinations of Frequencies and Intensities of Grazing by Cattle

Animal production from pastures is a complex process comprising three main stages: herbage growth, consumption by grazing animals and conversion into animal products (Hodgson, 1990). Utilisation is the stage where the grazier finds greater flexibility for management, probably because most processes related to harvest of the produced herbage by the grazing animals are very responsive to manipulation and control of defoliation practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate herbage production of a Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pasture submitted to combinations of frequencies and intensities of grazing

Whipple's Disease With Neurological Manifestations: Case Report

Whipple's disease (WD) is an uncommon multisystem condition caused by the bacillus Tropheryma whipplei. Central nervous system involvement is a classical feature of the disease observed in 20 to 40% of the patients. We report the case of a 62 yeards old man with WD that developed neurological manifestations during its course, and discuss the most usual signs and symptoms focusing on recent diagnostic criteria and novel treatment regimens.622 A342346Whipple, G.H., A hitherto undescribed disease characterized anatomically by deposits of fat and fatty acids in the intestinal and mesenteric lymphatic tissues (1907) Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull, 18, pp. 382-391Marth, T., Raoult, D., Whipple's disease (2003) Lancet, 36, pp. 239-246Gerard, A., Sarrot-Reynauld, F., Liozon, E., Neurologic presentation of Whipple disease: Report of 12 cases and review of the literature (2002) Medicine (Baltimore), 81, pp. 443-457Brown, A.P., Lane, J.C., Murayama, S., Vollmer, D.G., Whipple's disease presenting with isolated neurological symptoms: Case report (1990) J Neurosurg, 73, pp. 623-627Bostwick, D.G., Bensch, K.G., Burke, J.S., Whipple's disease presenting as aortic insufficiency (1981) N Engl J Med, 305, pp. 995-998Raoult, D., A febrile, blood culture-negative endocarditis (1999) Ann Intern Med, 131, pp. 144-146Chan, R.Y., Yannuzzi, L.A., Foster, C.S., Ocular Whipple's disease: Earlier definitive diagnosis (2001) Ophthalmology, 108, pp. 2225-2231Louis, E.D., Lynch, T., Kaufmann, P., Fahn, S., Odel, J., Diagnostic guidelines in central nervous system Whipple's disease (1996) Ann Neurol, 40, pp. 561-568Sieracki, J.C., Whipple's disease: Observations on systemic involvement (1958) Amer Med Asso Arch Pathol, 66, pp. 464-467Anderson, M., Neurology of Whipple's disease (2000) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 68, pp. 2-5De Coene, B., Gilliard, C., Indekeu, P., Whipple's disease confined to the central nervous system (1996) Neuroradiology, 38, pp. 325-327Verhagen, W.I.M., Huygen, P.L.M., Dalman, J.E., Schuurmans, M.M.J., Whipple's disease and the central nervous system: A case report and a review of the literature (1996) Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 98, pp. 299-304Feldman, M., Hendler, R.S., Morrison, E.B., Acute meningoencephalitis after withdrawal of antibiotics in Whipple's disease (1980) Ann Intern Med, 93, pp. 709-711Schwartz, M.A., Selhorst, J.B., Ochs, A.L., Oculomasticatory myorhythmia: A unique movement disorder occurring in Whipple's disease (1986) Ann Neurol, 20, pp. 677-683Manzel, K., Tranel, D., Cooper, G., Cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in a case of central nervous system Whipple disease (2000) Arch Neurol, 57, pp. 399-403Halperin, J.J., Landis, D.M., Kleinman, G.M., Whipple's disease of the nervous system (1982) Neurology, 32, pp. 612-617Feurle, G.E., Volk, B., Waldherr, R., Cerebral Whipple's disease with negative jejunal histology (1979) N Engl J Med, 300, pp. 907-908Madoule, P., Ciaudio-Lacroix, C., Halimi, P., Osteoarticular lesions in Whipple's disease, a propos of a destructive form and review of the literature (1985) J Radiol, 66, pp. 345-350Brändle, M., Ammann, P., Spinas, G.A., Relapsing Whipple's disease presenting with hypopituitarism (1999) Clin Endocrinol, 50, pp. 399-403Topper, R., Gartung, C., Block, F., Neurologic complications in inflammatory bowel diseases (2002) Nervenarzt, 73, pp. 489-499Clarke, C.E., Falope, Z.F., Abdelhadi, H.A., Cervical myelopathy caused by Whipple's disease (1998) Neurology, 50, pp. 1505-1506Ramzan, N.N., Loftus, E., Burgart, L.J., Diagnosis and monitoring of Whipple disease by polymerase chain reaction (1997) Ann Intern Med, 126, pp. 520-527Von Herbay, A., Ditton, H.J., Scuhmacher, F., Whipple's disease: Staging and monitoring by cytology and polymerase chain reaction analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (1997) Gastroenterology, 113, pp. 434-441Kremer, S., Besson, G., Bonaz, B., Pasquier, B., Le Bas, J.F., Grand, S., Diffuse lesions in the CNS revealed by MR imaging in a case of Whipple disease (2001) Am J Neuroradiol, 22, pp. 493-495Romanul, F.C., Radvany, J., Rosales, R.K., Whipple's disease confined to the brain: A case studied clinically and pathologically (1977) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 40, pp. 901-909Thompson, D.G., Leidingham, J.M., Howard, A.J., Brown, C.L., Meningitis in Whipple's disease (1978) BMJ, 2, pp. 14-15Feurle, G.E., Marth, T., An evaluation of antimicrobial treatment for Whipple's disease: Tetracycline versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1994) Dig Dis Sci, 39, pp. 1642-1648Misbah, S.A., Mapstone, N.P., Whipple's disease revisited (2000) J Clin Pathol, 53, pp. 750-755Schnider, P.J., Reisinger, E.C., Berger, T., Krejs, G.J., Auff, E., Treatment guidelines in central nervous system Whipple's disease (1997) Ann Neurol, 41, pp. 561-56