Recovery of gold from Plant/dump Liquors, Gadag Gold Fields, Karnataka, India

The tailings disposal fronr the gold concentrators to the tailing dants containss about 70% solids and 30% water or liquor: After discharging the solids the liquor portion of pulp is reclaimed to the extent maximum 50%. Recoverv is tested throughout the year and it is,found that recovery varies seasonally, affecting the grade of the reclaimed solution. The reclaimed liquor from the tailing dams and the plant waste waters are passed through settler- tanks or thickener. The clear liquor is passed through the activa-ted carbon columns (C-I-S). The gold content of the liquor is adsorbed on to the carbon, the tail liquor is reused in theprocess. The gold loaded carbon is eluted and continuou-sly electrowon, with the help of continuous re-circulation of hot caustic cyanide solution at +93'C. The gold loaded cathodes are acid treated, smelted with fluxes to produce gold bullion. The carbon from the elution system is reused in the process after thermal regeneration

Discovering the benefits of being interrupted by colleagues at work

The negative effects of work interruptions are well documented: difficulties moving ahead with tasks, time-pressure, stress, and lowered productivity. Managers often look for ways to eliminate, or at least minimise such interruptions. But a new study by Harshad Puranik, Joel Koopman, and Heather C. Vough shows an upside to these workplace interruptions: increased feelings of belonging

Genetic Polymorphism and Prostate Cancer: An Update

Genetic polymorphism and prostate cancer (PC) are the most pernicious and recurrently malignancy worldwide. It is the most dominating cause of cancer related casualty among men in the US. Asian countries are inflicted with PC at an alarming rate though still the prevalence of PC is lower than European and American men. Some of the genetic and environmental factors that might play a role in PC risk include: age genetic predilection, family history, race/ethnicity, lifestyle, and dietary habits and non-dietary environmental risk factors such as smoking. Socio-economic factors including economic, scholastic and intellectual factors do not, intrinsically seem to straight away influence the risk of acquiring PC. Other genetic changes that may support an increased risk of developing PC include HPC1, HPC2, HPCX, CAPB, ATM,s HOXB13 and mismatch repair genes. PC occurrence rates are highly variable. Almost all PC mortalities are due to metastatic disease, generally through tumors the progress to be hormone refractory or castrate resistant. PC, developing research has acknowledged a number of candidate genes and biological pathways associated with PC. Indirect pathways such as P13K/AKT signaling pathway is one of most well known alternate pathway in PC Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is widely known to be potent stimulator of angiogenesis. The over expression of EGFR in a very large majority of cases is accompanied by the succession of PC, implying that this may play a mechanistic role. Numerous occupational factors have been proposed to cause PC. Some of the risk factors include; farmers/agricultural workers, pesticides, shift work and flight personnel. PC treatment can be done through surgery, radical prostatectomy is the main type of surgery. Risks of injury are many – reactions to anesthesia, loss of blood, blood clumps in the legs/lungs, injury to surrounding organs, infection at the site of surgery and many more. The other treatments are hormone therapy, chemotherapy and radio therapy chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs are typically used one at a time for PC such as transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Some of the chemotherapeutic drugs are Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel, Mitoxantrone and Estramustine. Among the score of biomarkers being studied, numerous markers and techniques deserve awareness and acceptability for both patients and urologists in clinical practice

A fermented nutraceutical beverage from quinoa: The traditional grain of Andes

Quinoa is a traditional grain used as a staple food by ancient people of Andean countries and South America, known for its excellent nutritional profile. This pseudo-cereal is rich in protein, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.   However, presence of anti-nutritional factors such as, saponins, tannins, phenols and phytic acid is a serious deterrent to use quinoa in daily diet. This study focus on lactic acid fermentation to answer this riddle. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from surface of quinoa seeds and characterized. All the isolates (QB-1, QB-2, QB-3, QB-4 and QB-5) were Gram positive, Catalase negative, acid producing and non-endospore forming. Two among the native isolates, QB-1 and QB-2 were selected based on their ability for beverage development. Isolate QB-1 reduced the phenolic compounds (from 0.94 to 0.36 mg/g of GAE) significantly. Isolate QB-2 was found to be more efficient in reduction of phytic acid (from 11.06 to 1.00 mg/g) and tannins (from 4.92 to 2.05mg/g of GAE).  A significant reduction of saponin (from 11.2 to 0.13 mg/g) was recorded by isolate QB-1 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. The study also revealed that, curd is efficient in reducing anti-nutritional factors such as, phenolic compounds and phytic acid

A fermented nutraceutical beverage from quinoa: The traditional grain of Andes

1040-1047Quinoa is a traditional grain used as staple food by ancient people of Andean countries and South America, known for its excellent nutritional profile. This pseudo-cereal is rich in protein, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. However, presence of anti-nutritional factors such as, saponins, tannins, phenols and phytic acid is a serious deterrent to use quinoa in daily diet. This study focuses on lactic acid fermentation to answer this riddle. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the surface of quinoa seeds and characterized. All the isolates (QB-1, QB-2, QB-3, QB-4 and QB-5) were Gram positive, Catalase negative, acid producing and non-endospore forming. Two among the native isolates, QB-1 and QB-2 were selected based on their ability for beverage development. Isolate QB-1 reduced the phenolic compounds (from 0.94 to 0.36 mg/g of GAE) significantly. Isolate QB-2 was found to be more efficient in reduction of phytic acid (from 11.06 to 1.00 mg/g) and tannins (from 4.92 to 2.05 mg/g of GAE). A significant reduction of saponin (from 11.2 to 0.13 mg/g) was recorded by isolate QB-1 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. The study also revealed that, fermentation with curd is also efficient in reducing antinutritional factors such as, phenolic compounds and phytic acid

Effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrients availability and uptake by black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) in Tarai region of Uttarakhand

Experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of integrated nutrient management on soil health and black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.). The treatments were, no chemical fertilizer and organic manure (control) [T1], recommended (rec.) NPK (i.e. 100:50:50 kg ha-1) [T2], 75% rec. NPK +2.5t vermicompost (VC) [T3], 50% rec. NPK + 5.0t VC (T4), 25% rec. NPK + 7.5t VC (T5), VC 10t (T6), rec. NPK + Biofertilizers (BF) [T7], 75% rec. NPK + 2.5t VC + BF (T8), 50% rec. NPK + 5.0t VC + BF (T9), 25% rec. NPK + 7.5t VC + BF (T10), 10t VC + BF (T11) and BF [Azotobacter & Phosphorus Solublizing Bacteria (PSB)]. Highest herbage yield was obtained with application of T8 during both the years. Integrated application of inorganic fertilizers and organic sources of nutrients increased the N, P, K content and their uptake. Highest available N and K content in soil was observed with T2 during 2008–09, while during 2009–10, the maximum available N content in soil was observed with T8. Highest N uptake was observed with T6, while highest P and K uptake was recorded with T8 during both the years. &nbsp

Retrospective analysis of necropsy findings in patients of H1N1 and their correlation to clinical features

India reported its first case of H1N1 in July 2009 in Pune and since then, the number of reported cases and deaths exploded in India. Since very little data is available about histopathological findings in patients of H1N1 fatal cases in India, a retrospective chart analysis of necropsy findings of 15 cases of 2009 H1N1 fatal cases was performed. Common clinical features were fever, cough , and breathlessness followed by sore throat and rhinorrhea. Common lung findings were mononuclear cell infiltration, thick alveolar septae, intraalveolar hemorrhage . The other findings were congested pulmonary blood vessels, pulmonary edema, cytomegaly, fibrin accumulation and formation of eosinophilic membrane. These findings are suggestive of diffuse alveolar damage ( DAD) and DAD with hemorrhage. All patients who underwent necropsy had radiographic findings suggestive of unilobar or multilobar pneumonia. This clinical finding can be correlated pathologically in these patients as all of them had either polymorphonuclear or mononuclear infiltrate. Furthermore, necrotizing pneumonitis pattern seen on these patients is the likely cause of mortality in these patients. Although clinical ARDS pattern was noted in all these patients, it was well correlated in lung pathology in all these cases