18 research outputs found
Stall Margin Improvement by Use of Casing Treatments
The beneficial impact of casing treatments on the stall margin of tip-critical compressors has been proven many times. However, there is still no simple and general method to predict their actual effectiveness. The present work considers the axial velocity deficit that is generally observed at the blade tip. This so called tip-blockage is caused by the tip clearance flow. That is investigated for different configurations of the transonic compressor test facilities in Darmstadt and Notre Dame and the results are presented in this paper. Similar circumferential groove casing treatments were applied to different single-stage and 1.5-stage compressors. They all had a tip critical behavior in common, but exhibited different design philosophies. The effectiveness of similar casing treatments on different stages was observed. A new method for calculating tip-blockage is introduced based on compressor performance and the results of a through-flow tool. A direct link between blockage growth and stall margin improvement was found for circumferential grooves casing treatments. Additionally, the results of an axial slot casing treatment are taken into account.</jats:p
Clinical evaluation of a new prostate-specific antigen sandwich ELISA which employs four monoclonal antibodies directed at different epitopes of prostate-specific antigen.
The potential use of prostatic secretory protein of 94 amino acid residues (PSP94) as a serum marker for prostatic tumor.
Acute Toxicity Degree 3 and 4 after Radiotherapy of Children and Young people: Results from RiSK
Supplementary Material for: Reimbursement in the context of precision oncology approaches in metastatic breast cancer: challenges and experiences
Background:
Precision oncology programs using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to detect predictive biomarkers are extending therapeutic options for patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Regularly, based on the recommendations in the interdisciplinary molecular tumor board (iMTB), an inclusion in a clinical trial is not possible. In this case, the German health-insurance system allows for the application of reimbursement for an off-label drug use. Here we describe the current challenges and our experience with reimbursement of molecular therapies in mBC.
Methods:
A total of 100 applications for reimbursement of off-label therapies recommended by an iMTB were filed for patients with mBC, of which 89 were evaluable for this analysis. The approval rate was correlated with the molecular level of evidence of the respective therapy according to the NCT and ESCAT classification as well as with pretreatment therapy lines.
Findings:
Overall, 53.9% (48/89) of reimbursement applications were approved. Applications for therapies based on level of evidence m1 (NCT classification), tier I and II (ESCAT classification) had a significantly and clinically relevant increased chance of reimbursement, while a greater number of previous treatment lines had no significantly increased chance of approval, though a trend of approval towards higher treatment lines was detectable.
Interpretation:
Currently, the German jurisdiction seems to aggravate the clinical implementation of clinically urgently needed molecular therapies