Наркотики в Республике Молдова, медико-социальные аспекты

Republican Narcological Dispensary, Congresul III al Medicilor de Familie din Republica Moldova, 17–18 mai, 2012, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Conferinţa Naţională „Maladii bronhoobstructive la copii”, consacrată profesorului universitar, doctor habilitat Victor Gheţeul, 27 aprilie, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaThe research of narcotics phenomenon in Republic of Moldova, individual and character peculiarities of addicted persons, identification of predominant stabilization cases of narcotic behavior types, the determination of medical and psycho – social rehabilitation needs of drug addicts. Previously formulated and non- standard questionnaire, 025/e form, 030-l-y form, local literature and from abroad, MH orders, Laws, Government Decisions, statistical data of MSPI Republican Narcological Dispensary. Research methods – historical, logical, statistical, mathematic, sociological and interview methods. It was systematized local and international literature concerning drugs situation. It was analyzed the mortality situation caused by drugs use on the administrative territories. And there were determined the medical and rehabilitation needs of drug addicted persons. There were evaluated the medical and psycho-social factors that influence the behaviour of drugs addicted persons. There were elaborated recommendations for intervention and assistance for drugs use prevention.Исследование ситуации наркотиков в Республике Молдова, изучение индивидуальных особенностей и характера зависимых лиц, выявление существующей стабильности форм поведения и определение принципов медицинской и психо-социальной реабилитация больных. Задачи исследования: анализ национальной и международной литературы о ситуации с наркотиками; психология развития; объем зависимых лиц и форм помощи; анализ заболеваемости на административных территориях; определение медицинских и реабилитационных потребностей лиц страдающих от наркотиков; социальная оценка факторов, которые влияют на поведение наркомана; разработка рекомендаций для вмешательства и помощи с целью предотвращения потребления наркотиков

New and rare plants from the flora of Moldavia (Romania)

In this scientific paper, some vascular plants (Aster lanceolatus Willd., Aster novi-belgii L., Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Picris echioides L. and Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.) were shown as new species from the spontaneous flora of Moldavia. We have also analysed new data on some rare vascular species found in the flora of this region (Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., Ulmus pumila L., Rudbeckia triloba L., Rudbeckia hirta L., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl., Oenothera glazioviana Micheli and Rhus typhina L.). One of these species is native (Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.), while the others are alien plants. Among the alien species, Picris echioides L. is xenophyte (accidentally introduced) and the others are hemerophytes (intentionally introduced for different uses and, subsequently, escaped in the wild). Given the number of localities in which these species were found, we may consider that the following alien plants had an invasive tendency in Moldavia: Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Ulmus pumila L., Oenothera glazioviana Micheli, Rhus typhina L. and Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. The other species may be considered naturalized (most of them), being able to form populations without human help. Except Festuca tenuifolia Sibth., which grew in natural grasslands, all the other identified species were integrated in anthropic habitats. Aster lanceolatus Willd., Rudbeckia triloba L., Rudbeckia hirta L., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and Rhus typhina L. also penetrated into semi-natural habitats: forest edges, river banks and river meadows. As concerns Festuca tenuifolia Sibth., a very rare species in the flora of Romania, included in the Romanian Red List of Vascular Plants, its presence in Moldavia, to the South-Eastern limit of its natural area, is very interesting and encouraging

Slow equivariant lump dynamics on the two sphere

The low-energy, rotationally equivariant dynamics of n CP^1 lumps on S^2 is studied within the approximation of geodesic motion in the moduli space of static solutions. The volume and curvature properties of this moduli space are computed. By lifting the geodesic flow to the completion of an n-fold cover of the moduli space, a good understanding of nearly singular lump dynamics within this approximation is obtained.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Institutional determinants of informal payments for health services : an exploratory analysis across 117 countries

Healthcare accessibility and equity remain important issues, as corruption in the form of informal payments is still prevalent in many countries across the world. This study employs a panel data analysis over the 2006–2013 period to explore the role of different institutional factors in explaining the prevalence of informal payments. Covering 117 countries, our findings confirm the significant role of both formal and informal institutions. Good governance, a higher trust among individuals, and a higher commitment to tackling corruption are associated with diminishing informal payments. In addition, higher shares of private finance, such as out-of-pocket and domestic private health expenditure, are also correlated with a lower prevalence of informal payments. In policy terms, this displays how correcting institutional imperfections may be among the most efficient ways to tackle informal payments in healthcare

Physiochemical property space distribution among human metabolites, drugs and toxins

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The current approach to screen for drug-like molecules is to sieve for molecules with biochemical properties suitable for desirable pharmacokinetics and reduced toxicity, using predominantly biophysical properties of chemical compounds, based on empirical rules such as Lipinski's "rule of five" (Ro5). For over a decade, Ro5 has been applied to combinatorial compounds, drugs and ligands, in the search for suitable lead compounds. Unfortunately, till date, a clear distinction between drugs and non-drugs has not been achieved. The current trend is to seek out drugs which show metabolite-likeness. In identifying similar physicochemical characteristics, compounds have usually been clustered based on some characteristic, to reduce the search space presented by large molecular datasets. This paper examines the similarity of current drug molecules with human metabolites and toxins, using a range of computed molecular descriptors as well as the effect of comparison to clustered data compared to searches against complete datasets.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have carried out statistical and substructure functional group analyses of three datasets, namely human metabolites, drugs and toxin molecules. The distributions of various molecular descriptors were investigated. Our analyses show that, although the three groups are distinct, present-day drugs are closer to toxin molecules than to metabolites. Furthermore, these distributions are quite similar for both clustered data as well as complete or unclustered datasets.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The property space occupied by metabolites is dissimilar to that of drugs or toxin molecules, with current drugs showing greater similarity to toxins than to metabolites. Additionally, empirical rules like Ro5 can be refined to identify drugs or drug-like molecules that are clearly distinct from toxic compounds and more metabolite-like. The inclusion of human metabolites in this study provides a deeper insight into metabolite/drug/toxin-like properties and will also prove to be valuable in the prediction or optimization of small molecules as ligands for therapeutic applications.</p